Nonlinear pushover analysis of infilled concrete frames

Six reinforced concrete frames with or without masonry infills were constructed and tested under horizontal cyclic loads. All six frames had identical details in which the transverse reinforcement in columns was provided by rectangular hoops that did not meet current ACI specifications for ductile frames. For comparison purposes, the columns in three of these frames were jacketed by carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer （CFRP） sheets to avoid possible shear failure. A nonlinear pushover analysis, in which the force-deformation relationships of individual elements were developed based on ACI 318, FEMA 356, and Chen＇s model, was carried out for these frames and compared to test results. Both the failure mechanisms and impact of infills on the behaviors of these frames were examined in the study. Conclusions from the present analysis provide structural engineers with valuable information for evaluation and design of infilled concrete frame building structures.     

Permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficient in porous media

In theory, the streaming potential coefficient depends not only on the zeta potential but also on the permeability of the rocks that partially determines the surface conductivity of the rocks. However, in practice, it is hard to show the permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficients because of the variation of zeta potential from sample to sample. To study permeability dependence of streaming potential, including the effects of the variation of the zeta potential and surface conductance due to the difference in mineral compositions between samples, we perform measurements on 12 consolidated samples, including natural and artificial samples saturated with 7 different NaCl solutions to determine the streaming potential coefficients. The results have shown that the streaming potential coefficients strongly depend on the permeability of the samples for low fluid conductivity. When the fluid conductivity is larger than than 0.50 S/m for the natural samples or 0.25 S/m for the artificial ceramic samples, the streaming potential coefficient is independent of permeability. This behavior is quantitatively explained by a theoretical model.     

Modelling the distribution of hard seabed using calibrated multibeam acoustic backscatter data in a tropical,macrotidal embayment: Darwin Harbour,Australia

Spatial information on the distribution of seabed substrate types in high use coastal areas is essential to support their effective management and environmental monitoring. For Darwin Harbour, a rapidly developing port in northern Australia, the distribution of hard substrate is poorly documented but known to influence the location and composition of important benthic biological communities (corals, sponges). In this study, we use angular backscatter response curves to model the distribution of hard seabed in the subtidal areas of Darwin Harbour. The angular backscatter response curve data were extracted from multibeam sonar data and analysed against backscatter intensity for sites observed from seabed video to be representative of “hard” seabed. Data from these sites were consolidated into an “average curve”, which became a reference curve that was in turn compared to all other angular backscatter response curves using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness-of-fit. The output was used to generate interpolated spatial predictions of the probability of hard seabed (p-hard) and derived hard seabed parameters for the mapped area of Darwin Harbour. The results agree well with the ground truth data with an overall classification accuracy of 75% and an area under curve measure of 0.79, and with modelled bed shear stress for the Harbour. Limitations of this technique are discussed with attention to discrepancies between the video and acoustic results, such as in areas where sediment forms a veneer over hard substrate.     

Novel Soft Computing Model for Predicting Blast-Induced Ground Vibration in Open-Pit Mines Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and XGBoost

Natural Resources Research - Blasting is a useful technique for rocks fragmentation in open-pit mines, underground mines, as well as for civil engineering work. However, the negative impacts of...     

Residues of selected antibiotics in water and mud from shrimp ponds in mangrove areas in Viet Nam

In recent years, antibiotics have been used widely in intensive shrimp culture and this may lead to their contamination of the environment. Surveys on residues of trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), norfloxacin (NFXC) and oxolinic acid (OXLA) in water and mud in shrimp ponds in mangrove areas were conducted in the north as well as in south of Viet Nam in July and August, 2002. The results show that these antibiotics are found in all samples in both shrimp ponds and surrounding canals. The highest concentrations of TMP, SMX, NFXC and OXLA are 1.04, 2.39, 6.06, and 2.50 ppm in water samples; and 734.61, 820.49, 2615.96, 426.31 ppm (based on wet mud weight), respectively. The comparison of antibiotics residues between study sites and types of shrimp ponds will be discussed in this paper. The results also suggest that antibiotics residues may cause harmful effect on ecosystems in the study sites.     

大兴安岭北段三道湾子碲化物型金矿床的发现及意义

大兴安岭北段三道湾子金矿床属于中一低温热液型金矿床。含金石英脉产于上侏罗统塔木兰沟组粗面安山岩和粗面安山质角砾岩中。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察和能谱分析。在矿脉中发现大量金、银碲化物。该矿物组合中Au、Ag、Te的含量统计分别为：Au30．20wt％、Ag34．35wt％和Te35．45wt％。该矿床可以与国际上典型的浅成低温热液Au-Ag-Te矿床对比。     

人文主义地理学之我见

人文主义地理学出现于20世纪60年代末,是时欧美正涌动着人文主义思潮,它带动了对逻辑实证主义知识体系进行批判的一系列理论的出现,人文主义地理学就是其一。人文主义地理学的哲学基础是存在主义和现象学,段义孚和雷尔夫(Edward Relph)、布蒂默(Anne Buttimer)、莱(David Ley)、赛明思(Marvyn Samuels)和恩特里金(Nicholas Entrikin)等是人文主义地理学的代表人物。1976年段义孚发表了《人文主义地理学》一文,1978年这些学者一起出版了人文主义地理学的第一部论文集《人文主义地理学》。 　　人文主义地理学的一个主要目标是协调社会科学与人之间的关系,容纳知性(understanding)与智慧(wisdom),客观(objectivity)与主观(subjectivity)以及唯物主义和唯心主义。其主要任务是发展方法论,并深刻理解人类在世界所处的地位。本文各部分都渗透着这个主题。人文主义地理学的社会批判立足点是伦理和道德。 它强调人们对自然、对世界的感悟能力。本文从三个方面探讨了这种感悟力。第一,地理学关注不同地方的差异,地方之间的差异体现在各个地方特点的差异上。人们可以通过感官感受到地方,各种感受的综合形成了地方感;第二,人类在处理与自然的关系上往往是把强权加在自然之上,从而扭曲了自然的本来形态。感悟人与自然的和谐将提升人类的道德;第三,想象力是一种对世界的感悟能力,文化则是想象力的产物。人类在追求物质和精神生活时也会陷入怪圈。本文最后指出,人文主义地理学者必须能够把握大量的事实,同时洞悉人类对自然感悟的复杂与精妙。     

Investigation of ground rotational motions caused by direct and scattered P-waves from the 4 March 2008 TAIGER explosion experiment

High-frequency rotational motions of P-waves and coda waves were analysed using rotation rate sensors and strong motion array data from the 4 March 2008 TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) explosion experiment in northeastern Taiwan. Theoretical and observational investigations focussed on the effects of this experiment on the free surface. The main goal of this study was to explore possible applications of combined measurements of artificial explosion-derived translational and rotational motions. Also investigated was the consistent ground rotation observed directly by rotation rate sensors and derived using translational seismic arrays. Common near-source high-frequency rotational motion observations and array-recorded translational motions from one shallow borehole explosion are analysed in this study. Using a half-space assumption of plane P-wave propagation across the recording site, we conclude that: (1) rotational motions induced by direct P-waves interacting with a free surface in theory can be used to estimate wave radial direction, velocity and anisotropic properties; (2) rotational motions derived from scattering are predominant among the observed rotations during the TAIGER explosion experiments and allow us to image the heterogeneous structure of the medium at the investigated site; and (3) rotation sensor measurements undertaken during TAIGER explosion experiments may be affected by cross-axis sensitivities, which need to be considered when using the data obtained during these experiments.