新疆西天山达巴特铜矿床地质特征和成矿时代研究

本文通过对西天山地区比较典型的达巴特斑岩铜钼矿床矿石中辉钼矿Re-Os的直接定年研究,结合区域地质演化和其他年代学资料,探讨了西天山赛里木和博罗科努地区斑岩铜多金属成矿带的成矿地球动力学背景和成矿机制。结果显示达巴特矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为301±20Ma,表明成矿作用发生于晚石炭世。矿床形成于别珍套—科古琴石炭纪岛弧带,成岩成矿与石炭纪巴音沟洋壳向南的俯冲作用密切相关,可能的成矿机制是由于洋壳向南对赛里木隆起带陆壳基底的俯冲,岛弧基底断裂系向北逆冲,导致一系列与斑岩矿床有关的中酸性岩浆活动,区域深大断裂为岩浆的上侵提供了条件。     

新疆二叠纪泛准噶尔超级湖盆之商榷

新疆准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地二叠纪沉积的显著特征是,湖盆长期持续沉降堆积了巨厚的湖相建造,包括厚达上千米的暗色泥岩/油页岩,是现今该区油气勘探中的主力烃源岩层。目前对湖盆的规模、潜力等有不同认识,这直接涉及到对烃源岩层油气勘探潜力的评价,影响油气资源的勘探。1新疆地区泛准噶尔二叠系二叠纪在新疆地史发展中有着承前启后的特殊作用,既是槽台发展的结束,又是中、新生代盆地发展的开始。二叠系是北疆各盆地的主要油源岩,在油气勘探中具有重要地位[1]。海西运动使新疆大多数海域相继回返褶皱成山,结束地槽发展的历史。北疆海水几乎全…     

Organic Material and Trace Elements of Bituminous Rocks in the Ozank(?)y Field,Ankara,Turkey

Bituminous rocks in the Ozank(?)y(Ankara) field are different from those of the Paleocene- Eocene Mengen and Güineytepe(Bolu) regions in metal enrichment levels.Organic carbon(C_(org)) content of organic material-rich rocks in the Ozank(?)y(Ankara) field is 3.66-40.72% wt averaging 14.34%.The dominant organic materials are algae/amorphous accompanied by minor amount of herbaceous material(The dominant kerogen type is Type-Ⅰwith a limited amount of Type-Ⅱkerogen.). The bituminous rocks in the Ozank(?)y field are enriched in heavy metals such as Ni,Mn,As and Cr.In comparison with the average enrichment values of elements,Ni,Mn,As and Cr in bituminous shales of the Ozank(?)y field are as about 4.38,14.93,10.90 and 5.58 times as average values.The average concentrations of these heavy metals are also as high as 215×10~(-6),828×10~(-6),58.54×10~(-6),and 148×10~(-6) respectively.In addition,sorption properties of clay and organic materials are also important for metal enrichments in the bituminous shales.     

成都经济区农业生态系统土壤镉通量研究

以四川成都经济区农业生态系统中的重金属Cd为对象,对其在土壤中的输入输出通量进行初步探索。综合各方面的因素,确定以大气干湿沉降、灌溉水、化肥为输入途径和农作物为输出途径进行研究。经过计算,经济区大气干湿沉降通量平均值为17.76g/hm2·a,灌溉水和化肥通量明显较低,三者对土壤Cd污染的贡献率分别为86%、10%和4%。对于6个不同的地区,三者比例略有差别,大气干湿沉降所占比例最高达94%,最低也达到了77%。Cd通过农作物收割输出的量相对较小。土壤Cd年净增量主要受大气干湿沉降的制约,因此大气环境质量应是重点监控的对象。以耕作土体为研究介质,经估算,当前的Cd年平均通量可引起土壤Cd的质量分数升高0.006mg/kg。     

Burst strain disturbance—A new test study on fracture precursor

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前兆异常识别的χ~2统计检验法及其应用

阐述了采用一定时间域前兆观测值的样本分布与其背景分布形式显著性的2 统计检验法识别前兆异常的思路 ,利用云南地区 1 994～ 1 996年的部分台站的水氡观测资料 ,采用上述方法提取了前兆异常 ,并与地震的实际发生情况进行了对比 ,表明强震前震源区附近水氡具有明显的前兆异常。由于分布形式的显著性检验法对异常反映较一般方法敏感 ,并且可以不受具体的分布形式的限制 ,因此本方法在地震前兆异常识别中将发挥一定的作用     

THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS ON THE ATMOSPHERIC WAVE

The time damping rate of gravity wave in the range of 30-70 km is calaclated in threecircumstances:(1)adiabatic process,(2)diabatic process caused by atmospheric cooling,and(3)diabatic process resulting from atmospheric photochemical heating and cooling.The resultsindicate that the photochemical heating is as important as Newtonian cooling and its contribution tothe time damping rate of gravity wave can not he negligible.     

AN IMPROVED LAND-SURFACE PROCESS MODEL AND ITS SIMULATION EXPERIMENT——PART I:LAND-SURFACE PROCESS MODEL AND ITS“OFF-LINE”TESTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSES

Based on the existing land-surface schemes and models,an improved Land-surface ProcessModel(LPM-ZD)has been developed.It has the following major characteristics:(1)Thecombination of physical equations and empirical analytical formulae are used to construct thegoverning equations of soil temperature and moisture.Higher resolution of model level andphysical equations are adopted for the upper soil layers,and for the lower soil layers,lowerresolution of model level is adopted and empirical analytical formulae are used.(2)In land surfacehydrological process,the sub-grid distribution of rainfall and its effects are taken into account.(3)A simple snow cover submodel has been used,which includes effects of snow cover on soilthermodynamics and hydrology,as well as albedo.By use of this model and three groups of point observation data,a series of“off-line”testshave been carried out.The simulation results indicate that land-surface process model has goodperformance and can well simulate diurnal and seasonal variation of land surface processes for manykinds of land surface covers(forest,grass,crops and desert)in different climate zone.The resultssimulated by the model are consistent with the observations.Later,by use of one group ofobservation data and the model,a series of sensitivity experiments have been done.It is shownthat the model is much sensitive to some parameters,such as initial soil moisture,vegetationphysical parameters as well as the proportion of the grid covered with rain.Therefore it is muchimportant for land-surface process model to define these parameters as accurately as possible.     

THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA—PART Ⅱ:ISPRM AND VSPRM2

Based on the practice of improved simultaneous physical retrieval model(ISPRM),in the lightof the functional analysis approach,the variational simultaneous physical retrieval model(VSPRM)has been developed.Its approximation of 1st degree is VSPRM1,which is identicalwith the ISPRM.Its approximation of 2nd degree is VSPRM2,more advanced than the VSPRM1.This paper has analyzed the function of VSPRM2,pointing out the potentiality of synergy retrievalof this model.Also,it has dealt with the problem of parameterization of water vapor's kernelfunctions and retrieval of water vapor remote sensing.Because of the characteristics of this strong ill posed inverse problem,prior information mustbe used wisely in order to get the accurate calculation of radiance R.In the previous paper,wediscussed how to build the best first guess field,the way to determine the P_s and to correct thecalculation of radiance.In this paper,we continue discussing in depth about the calculation oftransmittance,the determination of surface parameters and the selection for an optimumcombination of channels for the low-level sounding.The long-term experiment and comparison work under operational environment have shownthat the ISPRM is useful for retrieval of temperature and water vapor parameters over Chinaincluding the Tibetan Plateau,and it further proves the scientific nature of well-posed inversetheory.     

THE START AND EARLY HISTORY OF CHEMOMETRICS:SELECTED INTERVIEWS.PART 1

This is a first foray into the historical start and early years of chemometrics from about 1972 onwards.We have gathered interviews with three originators(Kowalski,Wold and Massart)as well as with aselected group of six other well-known chemometricians who gradually became active in the 1970s(Christie,Clementi,Hopke,Martens,Brown and Deming).The interviews include amongst a host ofsubjective recollections a succinct record of the key historical literature as highlighted by the interviewees'own rankings of‘earliest’and‘best’.A discussion of the most general commonalities in these interviews together with other historicalmaterial is presented in the second part of the paper.