第二次全国数值预报会议在京召开

1977年12月22日至28日,在北京举行了第二次全国数值预报会议。参加会议的有来自大专院校、科研机构、新华社、科学出版社、《中国科学》编辑部,以及各省(区)气象局等四十多个单位的代表,共八十多人,提出学术报告七十多篇,会议自始至终是在揭批“四人帮”这个纲的指导之下进行的。代表们愤怒地控诉了“四人帮”破坏科技工作,其中包括数值预报工作的滔天罪行,大会交流了学术论文,并综合评述了会上进行学术交流的情况,肯定了成绩,同时也指出了与国际水平之间的差距。     

拉萨河流域高寒湿地分布

The Lhasa River Basin is one of the typical distribution regions of alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau.It is very important to get a better understanding of the background and characteristics of alpine wetland for monitoring,protection and utilization.Wetland construction and distribution in the basin were analyzed based on multi-source data including field investigation data,CBERS remote sensing data and other thematic data provided by 3S technology.The results are(1) the total area of wetlands is 209,...     

省级国土资源数据中心管理系统的设计与实现

国土资源数据中心是国土资源信息化建设的基础设施,数据中心管理系统在数据中心的建立中起着关键作用。本文介绍了省级国土资源信息的业务、数据、平台功能需求分析,设计并实现了一款适合省级国土资源数据中心管理系统。     

统一公共服务平台设计及其在办公自动化系统中的应用

本文对统一公共服务平台的设计思路,总体架构,技术特点、功能模块进行了详细阐述,并说明其如何在办公自动化系统的建设与运行中发挥支撑作用。     

国际人口信息系统的构想和尝试

由于国际移民活动迅速增加,模式日趋复杂,人口学界迫切地期待一个能够解决新情况、应用新方法的平台.但是由于各国普查数据结构不同,很难快速有效地搜索和匹配不同国家的人群,当前的研究主要局限在移民输出国或输入国.为了突破这种局限,实现方便快捷的比较研究,作者力图将各国普查微观数据整合到一个数据库中,并且利用开源软件组合开发一个基于网络发布的国际人口信息系统.基于这个设想,主要解决了各国普查数据的标准化,系统框架的设计,以及部分功能的实现,并且还将继续实现包括Gls作图在内的多个模块.     

Analysis of flash flood disaster characteristics in China from 2011 to 2015

Flash floods are one of the most disastrous natural hazards and cause serious loss of life and economic damage every year. Flooding frequently affects many regions in China, including periodically catastrophic events. An extensive compilation of the available data has been conducted across various hydroclimatological regions to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash floods in China. This inventory includes over 782 documented events and is the first step toward establishing an atlas of extreme flash flood occurrences in China. This paper first presents the data compilation strategy, details of the database contents, and the typical examples of first-hand analysis results. The subsequent analysis indicates that the most extreme flash floods originate mainly from small catchments over complex terrains and results in dominantly small- and medium-sized flooding events in terms of scales; however, these events, abrupt and seasonally recurrent in nature, account for a large proportion of the overall flooding-related disasters, especially disproportionately affecting elderly and youth populations. Finally, this study also recommends several immediate measures could be implemented to mitigate high impacts of deadly flash floods, although it still requires long-term significant efforts to protect human life and property in a country like China.     

A spatial parallel heuristic approach for solving very large‐scale vehicle routing problems

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most prominent problems in spatial optimization because of its broad applications in both the public and private sectors. This article presents a novel spatial parallel heuristic approach for solving large‐scale VRPs with capacity constraints. A spatial partitioning strategy is devised to divide a region of interest into a set of small spatial cells to allow the use of a parallel local search with a spatial neighbor reduction strategy. An additional local search and perturbation mechanism around the border area of spatial cells is used to improve route segments across spatial cells to overcome the border effect. The results of one man‐made VRP benchmark and three real‐world super‐large‐scale VRP instances with tens of thousands of nodes verify that the presented spatial parallel heuristic approach achieves a comparable solution with much less computing time.     

利用树木年轮稳定同位素重建天目山地区相对湿度序列

对采自天目山的柳杉树轮进行交叉定年后，得到树轮的δ^13C、δD年序列。利用附近杭州站的相对湿度资料，分析其对树轮δ^13C、δD的影响。结果表明：树轮稳定同位素与相对湿度之间有着显著的反相关关系。利用其较好的相关性，通过建立回归方程可以重建当地一百多年来的相对湿度序列，并分析该地区的气候变化状况。     

南海北部新生代火山岩微量元素与同位素体系特征研究

南海北部新生代火山岩由早期的钙碱性双峰式向晚期的碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩演化，微量元素与同位素体系特征研究表明这种趋势与该地区边缘海的扩张过程相对应，在拉伸作用早期，岩浆来源于富集型岩石圈地幔，而在晚期则来源于亏损的软流圈地幔。