中国气温异常的区域特征研究

用REOF法对中国的年和春、夏、秋、冬季平均气温年际变化进行了分区,并研究了各区气温的变化趋势。结果表明,中国年平均气温可分为8个变化区,春季7区,夏季9区,秋季7区,冬季5区。从年平均气温看,近46a来中国的主要升温区为东北、华北北部和新疆自治区,升温幅度为1．2℃左右。降温区为四川、贵州,幅度为0．3～0．4℃。东南部、西北东部、西藏和云南地区1970年代初以前降温,以后升温,与北半球气温变化一致。各季节升降温区与年平均有一定的差异。升温区范围和升温幅度最大的为冬季。降温主要集中在春季西部、华南地区和夏季长江流域和新疆南部。降温幅度最大的为夏季。秋冬季全国则无降温趋势。     

用F-K方法确定腾冲火山区震源机制*

介绍了计算理论地震图的 F- K方法在不同深度 ,不同震中距 ,不同震源类型的情况 ,表明这种方法在高频区和多层水平层状模型计算效果较好 ,适用于研究中小地震的震源机制。采用 F- K方法得到了发生在腾冲火山区的 3个地震的震源机制 ,结果表明地震 1和地震 2是走滑断裂 ,地震 3是逆断层。 3个地震的主压应力轴基本呈北西向 ,与云南地区主压应力轴方向基本吻合 ,因此 ,推断这 3个地震是构造地震。     

Application of pyrolysis–GC/MS for the characterisation of suspended particulate organic matter in the Mediterranean Sea: a comparison with the Black Sea

Suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) both from the oligotrophic Mediterranean and from the more productive Black Sea has been analysed by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) and by such conventional techniques as elemental analysis and fluorometry. The data achieved by the two approaches generally confirmed and complemented each other. The relative concentrations of pyrolysis products (termed markers) characteristic of chlorophyll (CHL), lipid, carbohydrate (CBH), and protein (PROT) components of SPOM have been determined. The vertical distribution of lipid markers was more uniform in the Mediterranean surface waters. Their relative abundance increased rapidly in the oxycline of the Black Sea, reaching their highest levels in the suboxic zone, where the protein composition of the SPOM changed significantly. In both seas, the relative concentrations of CHL markers increased consistently within the CHL maximum zone where the CBH markers were less abundant. No lignin markers from terrestrial vegetation were detected at significant levels in the pyrograms.     

沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)对经客土改良石漠化土壤的适应性

石漠化地区基岩裸露、砾石堆积,水土流失严重,土壤与植被覆盖率低,因此引发一系列的生态恶化问题,而客土恢复植被是一项快速有效的治理途径.本试验在贵州毕节地区实施,以当地黄壤客土(T1,黄壤与砾石比为1∶1;T2,黄壤与砾石比为2∶1;T3,黄壤与砾石比为3∶1;T4,黄壤与砾石比为1∶0)改良石漠化,从耐瘠薄的灌木——沙...     

机械加工工序质量微机控制系统的开发

采用通用编程语言ＴＲＵＥＢＡＳＩＣ开发的机械加工工序质量微机控制系统，具有结构化模块化的设计特点。实际应用结果表明：本系统操作方便，工作界面良好，人机交互融洽，观察窗口调用灵活，系统全局控制简便，能迅速显示加工误差的分布与变化规律，具有预测和控制工艺过程的能力。为寻求提高加工精度的措施提供了理论依据．     

Population migration across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors

Developing a comprehensive understanding of inter-city interactions is crucial for regional planning.We therefore examined spatiotemporal patterns of population migration across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)using migration big data from Tencent for the period between 2015 and 2019.We initially used decomposition and breakpoint detection methods to examine time-series migration data and to identify the two seasons with the strongest and weakest population migration levels,between June 18th and August 18th and between Oc-tober 8th and February 15th,respectively.Population migration within the former period was 2.03 times that seen in the latter.We then used a variety of network analysis methods to examine population flow directions as well as the importance of each individual city in migra-tion.The two capital cities on the QTP,Lhasa and Xining,form centers for population migra-tion and are also transfer hubs through which migrants from other cities off the plateau enter and leave this region.Data show that these two cities contribute more than 35％of total population migration.The majority of migrants tend to move within the province,particularly during the weakest migration season.We also utilized interactive relationship force and ra-diation models to examine the interaction strength and the radiating energy of each individual city.Results show that Lhasa and Xining exhibit the strongest interactions with other cities and have the largest radiating energies.Indeed,the radiating energy of the QTP cities cor-relates with their gross domestic product(GDP)(Pearson correlation coefficient:0.754 in the weakest migration season,WMS versus 0.737 in the strongest migration season,SMS),while changes in radiating energy correlate with the tourism-related revenue(Pearson correlation coefficient:0.685).These outcomes suggest that level of economic development and level of tourism are the two most important factors driving the QTP population migration.The results of this analysis provide critical clarification guidance regarding huge QTP development dif-ferences.     

近十年来国家气象中心业务客观分析技术介绍

文章介绍了1980年以来国家气象中心客观分析进展情况，及前后用于业务的3个客观分析方案，并进行了比较。文章认为，近十年来国家气象中心业务客观分析取得了令人满意的进展，为国家气象中心数值预报系统建立和业务化作出了应有的贡献。分析结果还提供给各地气象台站业务和科研使用。     

现场量测位移反分析法及在地下工程中的应用

现场量测位移的分析法是通过测量开挖硐室、隧道、井巷等地下工程的周边和围岩内的相对位移和绝对位移值来反推岩体的原始地应力场及岩体参力参数，利用线弹性有限元位移反析程序计算出某石棉矿区的初始地应力场值，并得出圈套的水平应力，这正是该矿地压严重显现原因之一。     

华东中尺度地形对浙北暴雨影响的模拟研究

以一次梅雨降水为例，利用中尺度模式进行一系列中尺度地形对降水的增幅影响的敏感性试验。结果表明，中尺度地形对强降水区域的分布和强度有很大的影响，强降水中心位于地形附近，地形引起的１２小时降水增幅高达总降水的９０％以上；中尺度地形作为一种外界迫动，初始在低层形成气旋性辐合和水汽热量的集中，然后通过凝结潜热释放所造成的中高层增温和高层辐散，使得地形垂直环流加强和向上伸展。于是在降水、潜热释放与地形垂直环流之间出现一种正反馈机制，导致地形对降水的强烈增幅；同时午后下垫面加热所形成的不稳定层结也有利于地形垂直环流的不稳定发展，产生新的雨峰；初始场的中尺度扰动似乎在降水的地形性增幅中并不起明显作用。     

基于PC-CCA方法的气象场资料插补试验

引入主成分典型相关分析（ＰＣ－ＣＣＡ）方法建立缺测气象要素场序列的插补模式,对区域性气象场序列（以长江流域月气温距平场为例）各种时空缺测分布型态作插补试验。结果表明,当插补场站网分布型取包含子场在内的混合站网时,建模样本量达２５年就可有最优插补精度,且性能稳定,效果优良。尤其当距平符号单一且大尺度分量占优势时,插补精度随缺测场变化很小