Natural Hazards - In March 2019, the Iranian meteorological organization warned of the formation of several dense precipitation systems throughout the country. This was followed by a chain of storm... 相似文献
Natural Hazards - Ethnic and racial minority communities often suffer more from disasters due to a lack of access to resources from governmental agencies and other organizations that provide... 相似文献
Pre-conditioning by hydraulic fracturing is a vital work in block caving mining of hard-rock metal mine, and breakdown pressure is one of the important parameters in rock hydraulic fracturing process, which determines the equipment selection and job-parameter control. Based on numerical simulation method, a pre-holed cylindrical hard rock sample was built for simulation of hydraulic fracturing process to investigate the effect of stress condition, rock properties and water injection rate on breakdown pressure. The results show that the breakdown pressure is increased with the confining stress, and the breakdown pressure is 2.28 times confining stress based on rock tension strength. The variation of rock tension strength affects the breakdown pressure and a positive linear relation exists. Pre-formed notch could obviously reduce the breakdown pressure and control the orientation of hydraulic fracture. And the borehole diameter has a reverse influence on rock breakdown pressure.
In order to reveal the evolution characteristics of the frost heaving pressure caused by the water–ice phase transition and volume expansion of the fractured rock mass subjected to the periodic freeze-thaw cycles, and the degradation effect of the freeze-thaw cycle on the mechanical properties of the fractured rocks, the long-term frost heaving pressure monitoring and uniaxial compression test were carried out on saturated fractured granite with different crack size. The results show that the evolution curve of frost heaving pressure can be divided into five stages. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the peak frost heaving pressure decreases exponentially. The peak frost heaving pressure increases linearly with the increase of crack length. The influence of size effect on frost heaving pressure decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the rate of P-wave velocity decreases gradually. The peak stress loss rate of rock with different crack length increases in the form of power function with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. The peak strain changes in the form of quadratic polynomial function with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. The research results can provide reference for theoretical calculation and numerical analysis of frost heaving pressure of fractured rock mass in cold regions.