Subsea uplifts origin of the Rugozerskaya bay and the Great Salma channel (Kandalaksha Bay)

The origin of the subsea uplifts of the Rugozerskaya bay and the Great Salma strait is discussed in this article. It was found that the present-day bottom surface of the investigation area imitates the post-glacial terrain. This was determined by accumulative glacial formations that were emulated with post-glacial sedimentation processes. All modern bottom uplifts are similar to the ancient post-glacial terrain. Most presentday bottom surface depressions are similar to post-glacial surface inequalities, but the configuration of modern closed kettles could be changed via glacial–marine sedimentation and other processes.     

The prediction of large explosions of andesitic volcanoes

During the large explosions of the Bezymianny (1956), Shiveluch (1964) and Mount St. Helens (1980) volcanoes, 4.8·10¹², 3.0·10¹² and 8.2·10¹² kg of resurgent and magmatic material were ejected respectively. The eruptions were preceded and accompanied by significant crustal deformations and by a great number of volcanic earthquakes. In all three cases, earthquakes with an energy of E = 10⁹ J occurred 8–11 days before the eruption; their foci were at a distance of less than 5 km from the floor of the active crater and the power of earthquake swarms increased continuously and monotonously until the beginning of the eruption. The data obtained on deformations, earthquakes and volcanic activity may be used for the prediction of the place, time, energy and hazards of large explosions of andesitic volcanoes.     

Capabilities and restrictions of multi-channel acoustic profiling for engineering purposes: Theory and practice

The capabilities and restrictions of multi-channel acoustic profiling applied to engineering problems over shallow water basins are discussed. The relationships and graphs for determining the optimal parameters of observation systems, source parameters, and recording systems were obtained based on theoretical studies and model calculations of synthetic seismograms. The efficiency of multi-channel systems for suppressing the majority of noises and determining the velocity characteristics of the section is shown on the basis of examples of model calculations and field measurements. At the same time, the capabilities of a multi-channel system for suppressing multiple waves in shallow-water regions appear to be insufficient.     

The tritium-helium-3 method and its application to groundwater dating by the example of the Kirovsk mine region,Murmansk oblast

The measurement of ³H, ³He, ⁴He, and ²⁰Ne concentrations in waters at the Tsentralny pumping station (southern Khibiny massif, Kola Peninsula) showed that they are a mixture of young (>90%) and old (<10%) waters. The excess noble gas component from the young water is caused by the dissolution of air bubbles trapped during recharge in the unsaturated zone. The ³H-³He(³H) age of the young water is 21 ± 1.5 yr. The U-Th-4He age of the old water is about 50 ka. The high concentrations of helium and some toxic elements (e.g., aluminum) in this old water are caused by dissolution of the alkaline rocks of the Khibiny massif as a result of water-rock interaction.