牙鲆中孵化腺细胞的发育研究(英文)

在硬骨鱼类的孵化过程中,卵膜(壳)的裂解是由孵化腺细胞分泌的孵化酶完成的。为了探索鲆鲽类牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus胚胎在孵化过程中孵化腺细胞的分化及变化规律,本文利用高碘酸-雪夫染色反应(PAS)研究了P.olivaceus胚胎在孵化过程中孵化腺细胞的分化及变化规律。结果表明,典型的孵化腺细胞于孵化前15小时出现,位于胚胎的前中部。孵化腺细胞的数量和体积均在孵化前达到最大值,而且,均位于胚胎头部和背部表面。一旦孵化结束,孵化腺细胞的数量和体积均急剧下降,并于孵化后13小时消化。     

弹性波入射时半圆弧凹陷地形对地表位移影响研究

基于数值模拟方法系统研究脉冲与正弦SH波及P波垂直入射半圆弧凹陷场地时的地表位移响应,并与相应解析解进行了对比分析。P波入射时,半圆弧凹陷场地由于P波与反射SV波的干涉产生Rayleigh波,会对场地自由表面的稳态位移响应幅值产生较大影响。凹陷内部的归一化Z向位移幅值相比没有考虑Rayleigh波生成时有较大的不同,其在凹陷边缘处没有什么变化,而在凹陷向两侧延伸的方向,会有压缩作用;归一化X向位移幅值在凹陷内部无太大变化,在凹陷向两侧延伸的方向,会有波动状的归一化X向位移幅值。     

祁连山黑河上游多年冻土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳密度分布特征

山地多年冻土的异质性影响其植被类型的分布特征,且对有机碳的分布也具有重要影响。通过采集黑河上游多年冻土区三种典型植被类型（高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸、高寒草原）8个活动层的土壤样品,测定其土壤有机碳密度及其理化性质。结果表明：高寒沼泽草甸土壤有机碳密度最高（49.50 kg·m^-2）,高寒草甸次之（11.22 kg·m^-2）,高寒草原最低（7.30 kg·m^-2）。土壤有机碳密度的剖面垂直分布特征具有差异性,高寒沼泽草甸土壤有机碳密度随深度变化不明显,高寒草原和高寒草甸土壤有机碳密度随深度逐渐减小,存在显著的表层聚集性。有机碳密度与土壤含水率和细粒含量呈显著正相关,与pH值呈显著负相关关系。一般线性模型结果表明土壤含水率、pH值和土壤颗粒组成解释了96.39%的有机碳密度变异,其中土壤含水率贡献了81.53%,pH值和土壤粒度分别贡献了9.33%和4.75%。研究表明多年冻土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳密度分布特征具有明显差异,山地多年冻土土壤含水率是控制有机碳密度分布特征的重要影响因素。     

积雪对祁连山区黑河上游活动层热状态的影响研究

积雪对多年冻土活动层和近地表的热状态具有重要影响。然而,积雪对祁连山区黑河上游地区多年冻土热状态的影响机制尚不清楚,迫切需要可靠的野外观测数据进行定量研究。基于两个典型野外监测站点2012—2019年观测数据,分析积雪对表面能量平衡、5cm地表热通量及活动层热状态的影响。结果表明:厚度约21cm的积雪在秋冬季对活动层具有保温作用;2013—2018年,俄博岭(EB)和野牛沟(PT1)监测场,活动层厚度分别为61～86cm和159～164cm,平均活动层厚度分别为74.2cm和162.1cm。受积雪影响,相隔两年(2015—2017年)的活动层厚度变化达25cm。定量分析了祁连山积雪对多年冻土热状态的影响,为未来祁连山相关研究提供重要资料。     

利用被动微波探测青海湖湖冰物候变化特征

湖冰物候是气候变化的敏感因子,不仅能反映区域气候变化特征,还可以反映区域气候与湖泊相互作用.利用长时间序列(1978—2018年)被动微波遥感18 GHz和19 GHz亮度温度数据、MODIS数据(2000—2018年)、实测湖冰厚度数据(1983—2018年)和气温、风速、降水(雪)数据(1961—2018年),分析...     

Seasonal Characteristics of Surface Radiation Fluxes on the East Rongbuk Glacier in the Mt.Everest Region

Ground-based measurements are essential for understanding alpine glacier dynamics,especially in remote regions where in-situ measurements are extremely limited.Prom 1 May to 22 July 2005(the spring-summer period),and from 2 October 2007 to 20 January 2008(the autumn-winter period),surface radiation as well as meteorological variables were measured over the accumulation zone on the East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt. Qomolangma/Everest at an elevation of 6560 m a.s.l.by using an automatic weather station(AWS).The...     

The extent of permafrost in China during the local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM)

Recent investigations into relict periglacial phenomena in northern and western China and on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau provide information for delineating the extent of permafrost in China during the Late Pleistocene. Polygonal and wedge‐shaped structures indicate that, during the local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM, between ～35 and 10.5 ka BP), the southern limit of latitudinal permafrost in northern China advanced southward at least to ～38–40°N in the east and to ～37–39°N in the west. This represents an advance of about 5–10° of latitude beyond present‐day permafrost limits. The lower limits of elevationally controlled permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and its peripheries were about 1000 m lower: this permafrost was largely continuous during the LLGM. This suggests a cooling of between 4 and 10°C, or more. This paper discusses the extent of permafrost during the LLGM and presents maps that have been constructed on the basis of extensive and integrative analysis of all reliable and pertinent data. The results indicate that the extent of LLGM permafrost in China was between ～3.8 and 4.3×10⁶ km². This is 80 to 100% more than that of ～2.15×10⁶ km² in the 1970s, and 120 to ～150% more than that of ～1.75×10⁶ km² today.     

基于GIS哈尔滨市土地管理信息系统的开发

阐述了传统土地管理系统中图形性数据然分开的缺点,结合哈尔滨市土地管理信息系统的开发,提出了基于ＧＩＳ模式的土地管理信息系统工发的总体设计。     

基于多尺度预处理的GPS/SINS组合导航系统

基于多尺度分析的思想,以离散小波变换为工具,利用小波对惯性元件输出的信息进行并行阈值消噪以削弱惯性元件误差对SINS及组合系统性能的影响;然后,对GPS输出的信息进行并行多尺度预处理,并结合传统的Kalman滤波方法,对系统进行综合滤波;将上述方法引入到GPS/SINS组合导航系统中,利用实测数据进行验证,并给出了基于不同方法的大量实验曲线。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效削弱惯性元件以及GPS误差对系统的影响,提高了GPS/SINS组合导航系的精度和可靠性。     

Modeled impacts of changes in tundra snow thickness on ground thermal regime and heat flow to the atmosphere in Northernmost Alaska

Seasonal snow covers the tundra surface for up to nine months of each year on the Alaskan North Slope. Variations in the snow thickness could strongly influence the thermal regime of the underlying soil and permafrost, and the surface energy balance. The impacts of increases and decreases in the tundra snow thickness on the thermal regime of snow surface, active layer, and permafrost, and on the conductive heat flow to the atmosphere were investigated numerically, by using an improved surface energy balance approach based one-dimensional heat transfer model. The baseline inputs for the numerical model are mean daily meteorological data and surface albedos collected at Barrow, Alaska from 1995 through 1999. Based on a study for the long-term mean daily maximum and minimum snow thickness distributions at Barrow in the snow season of 1948 through 1997, a snow thickness factor was defined and five simulation cases were run for the snow season of 1997–1998 by changing the snow thickness factor. The modeled results indicate that changes in snow thickness have significant impacts on ground thermal regimes and conductive heat flow to the atmosphere. Decreasing the snow thickness by 50% led to the maximum ground temperature decrease of 1.48 °C at 0.29 m depth, and 0.72 °C at 3.0 m depth; the magnitude of the mean conductive heat flow to the atmosphere for December increase of 4.3 Wm^− 2. Increasing the snow thickness by 50% resulted in the maximum ground temperature increase of 1.44 °C at 0.29 m depth, and 0.66 °C at 3.0 m depth; the magnitude of the mean conductive heat flow to the atmosphere for December decrease of 1.57 W m^− 2. On an annual basis, variation in the snow thickness by 50%, the ground temperature variations of more than 0.25 °C occurred as deep as 8.0 m below the ground surface. The modeled results also show that changes in snow thickness have a relatively small influence on the snow surface temperature.