基于ArcGIS Server的城市公共安全预警研究

城市公共安全是影响人类生存、生活的重要因素,建立一套行之有效的综合性的预警体系具有重要意义.以ArcGIS Server平台为基础,将WebGIS融合于城市公共安全中,设计出B/S模式的城市公共安全预警系统,并介绍系统的特色功能,最后展示系统的运行效果和努力方向.     

Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.     

从第三极到北极： 热喀斯特及其对碳循环影响研究进展

北半球多年冻土区储存着大量的土壤有机碳, 气候变暖加剧了多年冻土退化, 多年冻土退化最明显的特征是热喀斯特。热喀斯特会直接导致活动层及多年冻土层土壤有机质暴露, 并改变水文、 植被和土壤生物环境条件, 对生态系统碳循环具有重要影响。热喀斯特对碳循环的影响是评估多年冻土碳循环和气候变化关系不确定性的关键问题之一。然而, 在气候变暖背景下热喀斯特地貌的发育及其对碳循环影响有多大, 目前对这个问题仍然缺乏足够的认识。通过综合比较第三极和北极热喀斯特相关研究, 分析了第三极和北极地区热喀斯特地貌特征及其变化趋势, 阐述了热喀斯特对植被演替、 土壤碳损失和生态系统温室气体排放过程的影响, 并提出了未来热喀斯特研究可能遇到的挑战。认识热喀斯特碳循环过程, 是评估气候变化对多年冻土碳循环影响的关键环节, 有助于加强多年冻土区生态系统碳循环与气候变暖之间反馈关系的认知。     

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor on cultured cartilage cells from skate Raja porasa

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate,Raja porasa Günther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS-supplemented MEM medium at 24°C. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF-II at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF-II was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF-II together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF-II together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7. This work was partially supported and funded by the China Education Committee as the “Imbursement Project for Studied Abroad Returnees”.     

顾及地面POS信息的空地一体城市三维实景重建

实景三维模型为数字孪生提供了统一的数字空间底座。在城市场景中,贴近地面及在空中视角下被遮挡的地物是实景三维重建的难点。针对城市复杂空间环境和无人机飞行局限的问题,本文基于倾斜摄影与空地一体融合建模的基础理论,考虑POS信息对空地一体空三融合的影响,提出了一种顾及地面POS信息的城市实景三维重建方法,并使用此方法对佛山市历史文化街区进行了精细化建模。试验表明,与常规方法相比,该方法的模型效果好、效率高,对实景三维产品的生产与空间数据多尺度表达具有重要意义,可为数字孪生应用提供更精细的地理场景表现形式。     

面向城市规划的虚拟景观建设方法的探讨与应用

随着"数字地球"理论与技术的不断发展,利用三维GIS技术辅助城市规划已经成为行业发展的新趋势.提出一种快捷、有效的城市规划虚拟景观建设路线方法,并基于Skyline组件开发虚拟规划仿真系统,可利用该系统对城市规划虚拟景观的应用进行研究,为城市规划提供辅助决策服务.     

Patterns and cellular mechanisms of arm regeneration in adult starfish Asterias rollestoni bell

To understand the mechanisms of starfish regeneration, the arms of adult starfish Asterias rollestoni Bell were amputated and their regeneration patterns and cellular mechanisms were studied. It was found that cells in the outer epidermis and inner parietal peritoneum near the end of the stump began to dedifferentiate 4 d after amputation. The dedifferentiated cells in the outer epidermis proliferated,migrated to the wound site and formed a thickened pre-epidermis which would then re-differentiate gradually...     

青藏高原东南部来古冰湖变化及其溃决洪水评估

冰湖溃决洪水（Glacial lake outburst flood,简称GLOF）灾害是冰川区最常见、危害最大的灾害类型之一,历来是国内外学者研究的关键科学问题。在全球变暖的大背景下,冰川退缩加剧,其下游冰湖扩张快速,湖面升高,溃决风险提高。青藏高原尤其是东南部地区孕育着大量的冰湖,在过去的几十年间,冰湖溃决洪水威胁着当地人民的生产生活。基于LANDSAT遥感影像,本文获取了青藏高原东南部雅弄冰川和来古冰湖1986年、1990年、1994年、1997年、2000年、2003年、2005年、2011年、2013年和2017年共10期湖面面积,并结合实地测量的冰湖水深资料,计算了冰湖对应年份的储水量,建立冰湖面积与储水量变化序列;结合野外调查从冰湖面积与水量变化趋势和突发事件两方面探讨冰湖溃决可能性;利用BREACH模型和SMPDBK模型估算和模拟来古冰湖溃决洪水,做灾害预警分析。结果表明,1986~2017年冰湖上湖变化不大,而来谷下湖处于持续扩张中,面积由1986年的1.151±0.070 km²扩张至2017年的3.148±0.097 km²,水量由0.645×10⁸ m³增加至2.143×10⁸ m³,雅弄冰川在1986~2013年持续后退,在2013~2017年突然前进;经讨论其溃决风险得出冰川滑动入湖导致湖水瞬时涌出从而造成溃坝的可能性较高;利用BREACH模型及SMPDBK模型对来古冰湖溃决洪水模拟结果表明,当来古下湖湖水受冰体挤压抬升发生溃决时,溃决洪水将严重威胁然乌镇及其上游居民的生命和财物安全。

     

InSAR技术多年冻土研究进展

多年冻土随气候变暖逐渐发生退化,严重影响多年冻土区工程建设的稳定性,因此实时、准确地监测多年冻土变化迫在眉睫.合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)作为一种新型对地观测技术,可以全天时、全天候的对多年冻土区地表进行大范围监测,成为一种有效的监测手段.主要介绍InSAR技术在多年冻土区近20年的研究进展与未来发展趋势.首先介绍了InSAR技术的基本原理和常用的SAR系统,然后基于InSAR技术的发展,概述了D-InSAR和时序InSAR技术在多年冻土区的应用,并对目前发展的冻融模型进行总结,分析了多年冻土区地表形变影响因素,最后展望未来InSAR技术在多年冻土监测中的发展趋势与面临的主要问题,以期为科研人员提供系统的应用介绍.