鄂尔多斯盆地四大古隆起演化及其油气控藏意义的差异*

鄂尔多斯盆地在地质历史上曾存在中央古隆起、乌兰格尔古隆起、渭河古隆起及乌审旗古隆起4个主要的隆起构造。作者通过沉积地层分布及构造演化过程剖析等方法,系统分析了4大古隆起构造演化的差异性及其对油气成藏控制作用的差异,并首次提出“渭河古隆起”的概念。研究表明,4大古隆起分别形成于不同的地质时代和区域构造环境,并经历了不同的演化过程: 中央古隆起形成于早古生代拉伸构造环境,在印支期发生构造反转而转化为坳陷沉降区; 乌兰格尔古隆起则是自盆地基底形成以来就已存在的长期继承性隆起,但在白垩纪及新生代发生差异隆升—沉降而分化为现今构造的不同单元; 渭河古隆起形成于白垩纪的区域挤压构造环境,也是在新生代发生差异隆升—沉降而分化为今构造的不同单元; 乌审旗古隆起是前寒武纪即已存在的古地形高地,早古生代并无进一步的发展,因而仅是在寒武纪海侵沉积时突显、奥陶纪开始沉积后即快速消隐。古隆起的控藏差异主要表现为: (1)古生代及之前形成的古隆起对盆地油气成藏多具有控相、控储及控制源—储配置等积极作用,且后期“由隆转坳”的古隆起对油气的成藏演化极为有利; (2)白垩纪以来的较晚期隆起对油气成藏总体以破坏性作用为主,尤以对古生界天然气藏的影响最为显著。     

A nonstationary runoff frequency analysis for future climate change and its uncertainties

With the intensification of climate change, its impact on runoff variations cannot be ignored. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the nonstationarity of runoff frequency adjusted for future climate change in the Luanhe River basin, China, and quantify the different sources of uncertainties in nonstationary runoff frequency analysis. The advantage of our method is the combination of generalized additive models in location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) and downscaling models. The nonstationary GAMLSS models were established for the nonstationary frequency analysis of runoff (1961–2010) by using the observed precipitation as a covariate, which is closely related to runoff and contributes significantly to its nonstationarity. To consider the nonstationary effects of future climate change on future runoff variations, the downscaled precipitation series in the future (2011–2080) from the general circulation models (GCMs) were substituted into the selected nonstationary model to calculate the statistical parameters and runoff frequency in the future. A variance decomposition method was applied to quantify the impacts of different sources of uncertainty on the nonstationary runoff frequency analysis. The results show that the impacts of uncertainty in the GCMs, scenarios, and statistical parameters of the GAMLSS model increase with increasing runoff magnitude. In addition, GCMs and GAMLSS model parameters have the main impacts on runoff uncertainty, accounting for 14% and 83% of the total uncertainty sources, respectively. Conversely, the interactions and scenarios make limited contributions, accounting for 2% and 1%, respectively. Further analysis shows that the sources of uncertainty in the statistical parameters of the nonstationary model mainly result from the fluctuations in the precipitation sequence. This result indicates the necessity of considering the precipitation sequence as a covariate for runoff frequency analysis in the future.     

2016年冬季安徽寿县地区两次重污染过程分析研究

利用2016年12月14日—2017年1月3日安徽寿县国家气候观象台大气边界层垂直探测资料、地面自动气象站资料、污染物浓度资料及天气图资料,对该地区两次重污染的积累和清除过程进行了分析,得到以下结论:1)两次重污染过程均起源于地面弱风(风速3 m/s)、高湿(相对湿度80%)等不利气象条件,导致污染物局地积累。再通过大风、降水、大雾过程等有利的扩散、沉降条件,对污染物进行清除。2)天气形势在重污染积累过程中起到了重要作用。主要特征表现为,高低空层结稳定,且低空处于湿区内部,多受暖舌控制或伴有暖平流。第一次重污染清除过程中,控制寿县地区的天气系统逐渐转变为低压,风向转为偏东风,并伴有降水天气。第二次污染物清除过程,则是大雾湿沉降和逆温层消除共同导致。3)重污染积累过程中边界层高度均偏低,最大高度也仅为500 m,对污染物垂直扩散范围有所限制,进而影响局地污染物浓度。重污染过程逆温现象多发,近地层逆温主要发生在夜间和清晨,逆温强度最强可达3℃/(100 m),污染物在逆温层低层和底部之下堆积。     

Numerical prediction experiment on Typhoon Maggie (9903)

I~IOXTyphoon is a severe and diSaStrous weather phenomenon that affeCts the southeaSt COaStsregion of China. It causes Serious lOSS for the social eCOnondc development as well as the life andproperties Of PeOPle. Therefore, the enhancement to study on the artifice of monitoring, Prediction and public services of typhoon is an i~nent requirement for gove~t and Public.The concern is also a taSk of great Urgency to advanCe meteorolQgical sciences.Starting from the 1980' s, as the deve…     

日本海洋科技创新体系建设研究

本文从国际海洋科技竞争、本国海洋事业发展需求两方面阐述了日本海洋科技创新体系建设的国内外形势背景,重点分析了日本海洋科技创新体系的主要表现和特点,具体包括完善海洋管理体制、健全海洋法律法规、编制海洋战略规划、重视发展海洋战略性新兴产业、扶持企业科技创新、开展国际合作、培养海洋科技人才、加大科技资金投入力度;研究提出了我国海洋科技创新发展的建议,以期为决策层提供参考依据.     

Geology and Skarn Cu–Bi–Au Mineralization at Shwe Min Bon Area,Kalaw Township,Southern Shan State,Myanmar

The Shwe Min Bon Cu–Au skarn deposit lies within one of the largest Au–Cu belts in Myanmar. The deposit is situated along the Shan scarp zone, which marks the boundary between the Myanmar central basin to the west and the Shan plateau to the east. The Shwe Min Bon deposit comprises skarn‐type metasomatic alteration, and the Cu–Au mineralization occurs along the contact face between the Nwabangyi Dolomite and Shweminbon Formation and the Cretaceous dioritic rocks. The metasomatic process resulted in pro‐ and retrograde mineral assemblages in exoskarn. Hydrothermal activities in the Shwe Min Bon deposit are classified into prograde, retrograde stage I, and retrograde stage II. The prograde skarn is classified into a proximal garnet skarn with minor clinopyroxene and a distal wollastonite skarn. Chlorite, epidote, and tremolite–actinolite were formed during the retrograde stage I. Cu–Au mineralization mainly occurred in retrograde stage I, which was characterized by moderate temperatures (260–320 °C) and fluid with a moderate salinity (5.0–6.0% NaCl equiv.). Low temperature (180–200 °C) and low salinity (2.0–3.0% NaCl equiv.) were responsible for retrograde stage II. Au mineralization is mainly associated with chalcopyrite and tennantite in retrograde stage I and with tellurobismuthite in retrograde stage II.     

城市河流水环境综合评价方法探讨

从水环境概念分析入手,探究了城市河流水环境问题的概念和内涵。为与实践治理目标相适应,从形态、动力、水质、生态和景观5个方面构建了城市河流水环境综合评价指标体系和相应的评价模型,为河流治理提供了基本的信息和依据。以镇江市古运河为例,选择了6个特征河段进行比较评价,最后根据评价结果对古运河进一步的水环境治理提出了建议。     

多技术融合的农村地籍调查工作模式分析

加快推进农村地籍调查,建立"图属一致、城乡一体"的地籍管理体系,是农村土地管理的基础。本文以广州市农村地籍调查项目为例,提出综合采用传统解析法测量、无人机倾斜摄影、权属调查模式创新、FME数据检查入库、全流程监理检查机制等多项技术手段,构建了一种高质、高效、面向精细化管理的工作模式,有效保障了调查精细度和成果质量,全面摸清了全市农村范围内的土地和房屋权属、数量、质量及分布情况,为农村房地一体确权登记工作奠定了坚实基础,也为今后开展地籍调查的相关工作提供借鉴。     

考虑土拱效应的抗滑桩桩间挡土板压力计算方法

为合理计算抗滑桩桩间挡土板的内力与变形,采用弹性力学理论分析了桩间土拱效应,计算确定出土拱的平面形态呈中间凸起而两侧略微凹陷的曲线特征,在此基础上,引入Drucker-Prager强度准则以考虑中间主应力影响分析三维土拱效应,通过桩间土体的屈服函数分析确定了沿竖向变化的水平土拱矢高,进而计算出因桩间局部塌落拱的产生而作用于挡土板上的土压力,并按空间土压力分布模式与矩形简支板模型计算挡土板。实例分析结果表明,本文方法和数值模拟得到的沿深度方向土拱矢高值较为接近;本文方法与规范方法计算得到的板体最大弯矩值相近,其误差不超过3%。     

基于卫星遥感数据的南海海域真光层POC输出效率分布特征

海水中颗粒有机碳(POC)是海洋碳循环的基本变量,真光层POC输出效率在海洋固碳中起关键作用.根据2003-2018年南海区域遥感数据反演的真光层POC输出效率数据集,分析了南海海域真光层POC输出效率时空变化规律.结果表明,研究区内POC输出效率多年平均值为0.08,其在空间上分布呈现近岸高、海盆低的特征,年平均PO...