基于地基GPS遥感的大连地区大气水汽总量变化特征

基于大连地区地基GPS综合观测网遥感反演了大气水汽总量（PWV）,分析了大连地区PWV空间变化、逐月变化和日变化特征以及PWV变化与降水的关系,并利用大连本站2005-2011年的探空资料拟合了大连地区地面温度和大气加权平均温度的关系。结果表明：大连本站的PWV与探空积分的水汽含量相关系数达到0.988,均方根误差为2.5 mm。大连地区PWV南北分布比较均匀;PWV最大的月份为7-8月,最大月平均值约40 mm,PWV最小的月份为1月,最小月平均值小于4 mm;大连地区PWV春季和冬季日变化幅度约0.5 mm,夏季和秋季日变化幅度约1.3 mm。夏季和秋季的PWV日变化呈单峰型,春季和冬季的PWV日变化呈多峰型; 在降水发生前8 h 大气水汽总量有明显增加过程,对降水的发生有指示作用。     

CMIP5/AMIP GCM simulations of East Asian summer monsoon

The East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is a distinctive component of the Asian climate system and critically influences the economy and society of the region.To understand the ability of AGCMs in capturing the major features of EASM,10 models that participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP5/AMIP）,which used observational SST and sea ice to drive AGCMs during the period 1979-2008,were evaluated by comparing with observations and AMIP Ⅱ simulations.The results indicated that the multi-model ensemble （MME） of CMIP5/AMIP captures the main characteristics of precipitation and monsoon circulation,and shows the best skill in EASM simulation,better than the AMIP Ⅱ MME.As for the Meiyu/Changma/Baiyu rainbelt,the intensity of rainfall is underestimated in all the models.The biases are caused by a weak western Pacific subtropical high （WPSH） and accompanying eastward southwesterly winds in group Ⅰ models,and by a too strong and west-extended WPSH as well as westerly winds in group Ⅱ models.Considerable systematic errors exist in the simulated seasonal migration of rainfall,and the notable northward jumps and rainfall persistence remain a challenge for all the models.However,the CMIP5/AMIP MME is skillful in simulating the western North Pacific monsoon index （WNPMI）.     

基于伪语义相似度模型的中文地址匹配方法

地址匹配中,由于传统相似度模型受字符重叠数影响大,在处理简写、缩写地址要素单元时,错误匹配问题突出;深度学习方法需要大量样本支撑,但庞大的数据量和多样的形式,导致生成样本的成本过高。为解决上述问题,本文首先应用基于条件随机场和双向长短时记忆神经网络的模型,对地址进行分词;然后通过建立一种伪语义相似度,对地址要素进行分级匹配。通过对公安业务中地址数据进行测试,在对缩写、简写等不规范地址描述方面,本文模型能较理想地完成任务,各参考指标均高于0.9。     

水源热泵井群布置方案对地下水流场影响分析

以某地下水源热泵系统工程为例,依据工程场地实际抽水-回灌试验数据,建立研究区地下水流数值模拟模型,分析该地区适宜的井群布置方案,并定量研究不同井群布置方案对地下水流场的影响范围与程度,为确定合理的井群布置方案提供技术支撑。研究表明：对于同一含水层回灌,随着抽水-回灌时间的延长,就有利于抽水-回灌能力及尽量减小对周边地下水开采的影响而言,抽水井、回灌井交叉布置,部分回灌井集中布置的方案较为合理。     

华北平原某集约化种植区地下水污染探讨

以华北平原某集约化种植区为典型研究区域,通过对采集的8个地下水样品及11个土壤样品分析,探讨集约化种植区地下水的污染程度,解析其污染影响机制。结果表明:该集约化种植地区土壤中残留物主要为有机氯农药,多环芳烃及邻苯二甲酸酯类有机化合物。地下水中硝酸盐含量显著增加;重金属中以Cr含量最高,但均未超标;地下水并未受到有机氯农药的污染,但仍显示有多氯联苯的输入;半挥发性有机物检出种类较多,其中残留农膜释放的邻苯二甲酸酯类有机化合物浓度最高;地下水已受到较为严重的污染。集约化种植区大量施用化肥、农药和覆盖农膜,污染负荷严重,灌溉频繁且量大,污染质运移驱动力大是地下水污染的根本原因;当地包气带中黏性土厚度不均以及井孔止水不严等因素也成为了地下水受到污染的直接原因。     

Numerical simulation of the effect of heavy groundwater abstraction on groundwater–surface water interaction in Langat Basin, Selangor, Malaysia

The paper aims at evaluating the interaction between ground and surface water along the Langat River in Malaysia through the development of a numerical simulation. Malaysia has been experiencing a rapid economic growth since the last few decades, driven by many factors such as agriculture, industry, and the like. The demand for water in these sectors has increased so tremendously that surface water has been utilized in conjunction to groundwater. Approximately 18,184 m³ of water per day is obtained from the aquifer to supply to the steel factory. There are also workshops, petroleum stations, and houses in the area thus causing the water quantity and quality to degrade. In terms of quantity, the pumping activity has altered the interaction between the groundwater and surface water. Therefore, a numerical model was proposed and two aquifer layers were simulated, with the first layer being approximately >20 m in depth and the second layer >100 m. The recharge estimated from the tank model was input into the groundwater modeling. The effects of the surface water to the aquifer were included in the simulation by defining the river conductance, river bed, and river level. The calibrated model (error about 0.9 m) was achieved and applied to predict the flow pattern in its natural state without the pumping and with the pumping states. As a result, in the first scenario, the stream was in an effluent condition influenced by the groundwater from the northeast to the west. A hyporheic flow occurred and was observed from the contour map. The flow system was changed in the second scenario when the pumping activity was included in the simulation. The groundwater lost its original function but received leakage from the stream near the pumping sites. The findings of this study will help the local authorities and other researchers to understand the aquifer system in the area and assist in the preparation of a sustainable groundwater management.     

热液矿床中萤石的稀土元素地球化学及其地质意义

萤石是许多热液矿床中重要的脉石矿物,其稀土元素含量及相关参数（如∑REE、LREE/HREE、Eu/Eu^*、Ce/Ce^*、Y/La、Tb/Ca-Tb/La图解等）,能为揭示成矿流体性质、来源与演化,建立成矿模式,评价区域成矿潜力等提供重要信息。然而,随着微区分析技术的日趋成熟,原位实测数据显示,萤石中微量元素（包括稀土元素）的分配在显微尺度上可能具有不均一性,致使依据萤石溶液法获得的稀土元素含量所反映地质信息的可靠性受到质疑。因此,在应用萤石稀土元素地球化学探讨相关地质问题前,有必要加强萤石微观结构的观察和配套的流体包裹体以及相关同位素组成分析。本文在综述萤石稀土元素地球化学研究基础上,初步探讨了影响萤石稀土元素不均一分配的主要机制,以期为萤石稀土元素在热液矿床成因研究中的应用提供借鉴。     

基于传输线法模拟探地雷达在多层介质模型中的传播

数值模拟是研究探地雷达电磁波在多层介质中传播规律的有效手段,传输线算法是一种基于Huygens原理的时域分析电磁场方法。这里阐述了TLM方法的基本原理及基本关系式,用TLM方法对多层介质进行了正演模拟,将模拟结果与FDTD方法合成结果进行了对比,结果表明了TLM用于GPR正演计算的正确性及有效性。应用该算法对已有模型进行了定性分析,验证了随着介电常数和电导率增大,雷达电磁波衰减加快的结论。     

长输管道局部腐蚀体积型缺陷逐次评价

局部腐蚀包括缝隙腐蚀、应力腐蚀、腐蚀磨损、氢腐蚀,H2S应力腐蚀和氢腐蚀是长输管道最容易发生的一种局部腐蚀方式。针对长输管道易发生局部腐蚀的特点,参考其他管道评价方法,根据现场管道的安全状况,提出了适用于现场的含局部腐蚀体积型缺陷管道的三步评价法。该方法不需要考虑管道的腐蚀裕量,简化公式,便于现场计算。     

内蒙古流动沙地治理技术发展回顾

归纳总结了内蒙古防沙治沙技术发展历程,并按照时间顺序划分了群众经验总结阶段、试验与观测研究阶段、快速发展阶段和新发展阶段等4个阶段。重点介绍了8项典型沙障固沙技术和4项治沙造林配置模式等具体内容,展望了产业治沙技术模式、沙障新材料及其铺设装备以及沙障+乔灌草疏林型配置技术模式等流动沙地治理技术发展趋势。