Simulation modeling of the conditional resource potentials of the environment

It is suggested to describe the ecological and economic features of the local sites of natural environments (dry-land and water areas) by their resource potential conditional relative to the technologies of their application. An information model aimed at the prediction of scenarios of conditional resource potentials capable of evaluation of the efficiency of consumption of the resources is developed. The model is based on the monitoring of the amount of debt for the consumption of the resources accumulated by a branch of economy (plant) in the unfavorable economic situation or in the case of deterioration of environmental conditions. Examples of simulation of the processes of consumption of the resources aimed at the realization of control over the stable development of ecological and economic systems are presented. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 24–42, March–April, 2006.     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

System dynamics of the consumption and reproduction of natural resources

We propose a system approach to the development of information technologies of control over the processes of consumption of natural resources. On the basis of the method of system dynamics, we construct a dynamic economical model of an ecological system relating the factor of economical profitability of consumption of the resources to the ecological state of the natural environment. The model enables one to estimate the environmental deductions from the profit of factories and plants required to compensate damage caused by their operation. As an example, we consider the process of control over the consumption of biological resources in the water area of the Azov Sea suffering the action of a coastal industrial plant withdrawing sea resources and polluting the water area with wastes. We also propose a procedure of assimilation of the data of observations in the models of system dynamics by converting these data into the information technologies of control. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Control over the ecological-economic processes in the integral model of the coastal zone of the sea

We consider integral dynamic models of the ecological-economic systems of the coastal zone of the sea aimed at the establishment of balance between the consumption and reproduction of marine bioresources. The models are constructed with the help of the systems approach according to which the economic aims of the consumption of bioresources depend on the ecological state of marine media. Examples of control over the balance of ecological-economic processes based on the use of the integral criteria of biodiversity and the level of pollution of marine media are presented. It is shown that the information technology of control over the scenarios of ecological-economic processes enables us to estimate the profitability of production of seafood under the conditions of use of a part of the profit for the preservation of marine bioresources.     

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Different Fractions of the Coelomocytes of Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix in Response to the Thermostable Toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Vitro

Pure fraction (92% - 95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes (62%) and morula cells (38 % )-FPMC- of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix ( Holothuroidea,Dendrochirota ) were obtained by using ficoll-verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at differentconcentrations ( 0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation. In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in ccncentration-dependent manner (maximum at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 htreatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5-fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously, ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians.     

Correlation Analysis of Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content Maps in March 2015

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The work presents an analysis of changes in the correlation coefficient between the total electron content variations at magnetically conjugate points calculated based...     

Agent-Based Marine-Ecosystems Modeling

We propose a new information technology aimed at modeling of biochemical processes in marine ecosystems and based on the use of logical operators of control (intelligent agents) in the dynamic equations of the models. We develop a conceptual model of an ecosystem reflecting the interaction of 17 biochemical processes and 5 external factors. The equations of the model are obtained by the method of adaptive balance of causes (ABC method), which enables one to simulate complex scenarios of the processes running in the investigated systems and guarantees the possibility of robust calculations. Some examples of the behavior of ecosystems under the conditions of deficiency of oxygen caused by the action of natural and anthropogenic factors are presented. As a result, it is possible to make a conclusion that the combined application of the ABC-equations and intelligent agents of control in models of marine ecosystems is quite promising.     

Quantitative experimental determinations for monitoring hydrophysical parameters in the North Atlantic

The possibility of tracking the change in large-scale hydrophysical parameters in the North Atlantic on the basis of density distribution measurements obtained from two scientific research vessels has been investigated. The monitoring scheme uses a numerical dynamic-stochastic model with variable exchange coefficients. An accurate monitoring has been obtained and at the same time a process of reducing the ambiguity in describing the state of the ocean has been presented by models using the observed data.UDK 551.001.573 (261.5)