基于深度加权的多分量重力梯度数据联合相关成像方法

针对重力勘探中相关成像存在纵向分辨率较低的问题,提出基于深度加权的多分量重力梯度数据联合相关成像方法。与重力异常数据相比,重力梯度数据具有更高的信噪比、包含更多的频率信息。因此,本文在相关成像原理基础上联合多分量重力梯度数据,引入基于先验信息的深度加权函数,通过对研究区域进行划分,进一步提高深度加权效果。利用长方体组合理论模型确定了最佳梯度数据组合,验证了深度加权函数能够提高纵向成像效果;提出的方法还被证明具有抗噪性。将该方法应用于文顿盐丘区域的实测重力梯度数据,结果能够清晰地显示盖岩的位置。     

Late Cenozoic tectonic activity and its significance in the Northern Junggar Basin,Northwestern China

The Dingshan area located in the northern part of the Junggar Basin of northwestern China is a significant prospect area for sandstone-type uranium deposits in China, where mainly Cenozoic rocks were deposited. The Cenozoic strata can be divided into four units according to the prior data and our own field observation. Sedimentary studies indicate that most Cenozoic strata were deposited under a hot and arid climate in a continental environment. The sedimentary facies are alluvial-fan, meandering-fluvial, and fluvio-lacustrine. Field investigation and interpretation of satellite images suggest that Cenozoic tectonics in the area is characterized by reactivation of early deep-seated thrusts, resulting in extensional fractures and formation of many small depressions in the shallow crustal level. Measurement of joint orientations suggests that regional shortening direction trends in north–south in the middle Pleistocene as indicated by the ESR (Electronic Spin Resonance) age of 0.1–0.4 Ma obtained from fault gouge and gypsum deposits. A four-stage sedimentation-tectonic evolution model of the northern Junggar Basin during the Late Cenozoic can be established based on reconstruction of sedimentary filling processes and Cenozoic tectonic movements. We suggest that landform evolution and groundwater movement are controlled by active tectonics, indicating that Late Cenozoic tectonic activities may also play important roles in the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Therefore, a new metallogenic model for sandstone-type uranium deposits is proposed.     

柯坪块体震源介质参数测定

应用2011年1月-2015年4月柯坪块体及周边数字地震台站（38°-42.5°N,75°-80.5°E）记录的3.0 ≤ M ≤ 5.0地震事件,结合柯坪块体介质品质因子和各台站场地响应,计算各地震应力降、地震矩、震源破裂半径、拐角频率等新震源参数,并研究各背景值变化特征及彼此间对应关系。结果表明：柯坪块体地区地震震级与地震矩、矩震级、震源尺度之间表现为较好的正相关性,与地震拐角频率之间呈负相关。地震矩与震源破裂尺度整体呈正相关,但当震源破裂尺度较小时,地震矩变化不大,当震源破裂尺度大于250 m时,地震矩随震源破裂尺度的增大变化较快。由柯坪块体应力降时间分布特征分析可知,研究区具有地震前应力降呈现高值异常、震后缓慢恢复低值的演化过程。     

2016年8月21日-10月24日河北开平ML 4.7震群分析

2016年8月21日17时15分,河北省唐山市开平区（39.70°N,118.35°E）发生M_L 3.5地震,震源深度6 km。据河北省快报目录,8月21日至10月24日共发生可定位小震694次,最大地震为9月10日M_L 4.7地震。计算本次震群序列参数,分析其物理特性。精定位结果显示,M_L 4.7震群集中在唐山-古冶断裂,属唐山老震区余震活动。与该区同等震级地震相比,震群中几次3级以上地震视应力水平较低,震源机制一致性较好,表明该区存在较为一致的稳定应力场。震群活动显示,该震群为非典型前兆性震群。分析结果对正确了解此次震群特征及判断序列发展趋势具有较高的帮助作用。     

Trends in particulate matter and its chemical compositions in China from 2013–2017

Accurate determination of the atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and chemical composition is helpful in exploring the causes and sources of atmospheric enthalpy pollution and in evaluating the rationality of environmental air quality control strategies.Based on the sampling and chemical composition data of PM_(2.5) in different key regions of China in the CARE-China observation network,this research analyzes the environmental air quality data released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre during the studied period to determine the changes in the particulate matter mass concentration in key regions and the evolution of the corresponding chemical compositions during the implementation of the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from 2013-2017.The results show the following.(1) The particulate matter mass concentration in China showed a significant downward trend;however,the PM_(2.5) annual mass concentration in 64% of cities exceeds the New Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard(CAAQS) Grade Ⅱ(GB3095-2012).The region to the east of the Taihang Mountains,the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain and the Urumqi-Changji regions in Xinjiang,all have PM_(2.5) concentration loading that is still high,and heavy haze pollution occurred frequently in the autumn and winter.(2) During the heavy pollution in the autumn and winter,the concentrations of sulfate and organic components decreased significantly.The mean SO_4~(2-) concentration in PM_(2.5) decreased by 76%,12%,81% and 38% in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Pearl River Delta(PRD),the Sichuan-Chongqing region(SC) and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean organic matter(OM) concentration decreased by 70%,44%,48% and 31%,respectively,and the mean concentration of NH_4~+ decreased by 68%,1.6%,38% and 25%,respectively.The mean elemental carbon(EC) concentration decreased by 84% and 20% in BTH and SC,respectively,and it increased by 61% and 11% in the PRD and Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean concentration of mineral and unresolved chemical components(MI) dropped by 70%,24% and 13% in BTH,the PRD and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The change in the PM_(2.5) chemical composition is consistent with the decrease of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration.(3) In 2015,the mean OM concentration contributions to fine particles and coarse particles were 13-46%and 46-57%,respectively,and the mean MI concentration contributions to fine particles and coarse and particles were 31-60%and 39-73%,respectively;these values are lower than the 2013 values from the key regions,which is the most important factor behind the decrease of the particulate matter mass concentration.From 2013 to 2015,among the chemical components of different particle size fractions,the peak value of the coarse particle size fraction decreased significantly,and the fine particle size fractions of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and NH_4~+ decreased with the decrease of the particulate matter mass concentration in different particle size fractions.The fine-particle size peaks of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-and NH_4~+ shifted from 0.65-1.1μm to the finer size range of0.43-0.65 μm during the same time frame.     

耀变体CGRaBS J0835+6835的射电准周期振荡及多普勒因子分析

基于欧文斯谷射电天文台(Owens Valley Radio Observatory,OVRO)40 m望远镜观测数据,收集了耀变体CGRaBS J0835+6835在15 GHz射电波段约12年的数据.利用LSP(Lomb-Scargle Periodogram)方法和加权小波Z变换(Weight Wavelet Z...     

类星体发射线和吸收线的统计分析：Ⅱ.6761颗类星体的统计分析

本文对Hewitt＆Burbidge1993年的表中列出的6761颗类星体作进一步的统计分析．全部类星体发射线范围是从0到4．9．统计分析结果表明,平均而言,吸收物质和类星体本身有联系的占46％,各间隔中差异很大,最多的在间隔zem＝0．2－0．3和3．6－3．7中占100％,最少的在0．7－0．8间隔中为零．纵看各图的分布,zem＝2．0的间隔,有明显的突出性,如类星体发射线红移值和吸收线类星体数都在zem＝2为峰值,各间隔中有吸收线≥3条和≥6条的峰值也在zem＝2等．     

张应力在地震过程中的作用

本文根据断裂力学的基本结论,地质学对断裂形成过程的认识以及一部分地震事实,讨论了张应力在地震断裂形成过程中的作用。本文认为:张应力在地震过程中起着十分积极的作用。这是对目前一般认为地震是由剪切破坏形成的观点的必要补充。     

Analysis on concentration and source rate of precursor vapors participating in particle formation and growth at xinken in the Pearl River Delta of China

Concentration and source rate of precursor vapors participating in particle formation and subsequent growth were investigated during the Pearl River Delta intensive campaign （PRD2004, October 2004） in southeastern China. Four new particle formation event days and a typical non-event day were selected for our analysis. Atmospheric sulphuric acid, the important precursor vapor in nucleation and growth, were simulated with a pseudo steady-state model based on the measurements of SO2, NOx, 03, CO, non-methane hydrocarbon （NMHC） and ambient particle number concentrations as well as modeled photolysis frequencies obtained from measurements. The maximum midday sulphuric acid concentrations vary from 4.53 × 10^7 to 2.17 × 10^8 molecules cm^-3, the corresponding source rate via reaction of OH and SO2 range between 2.37 × 10^6 and 1.16 × 10^7 molecules cm^-3 s^-1. Nucleation mode growth rate was derived from size spectral evolution during the events to be 6.8-13.8 nm h^-1. Based on the growth rate, concentration of the vapors participating in subsequent growth were estimated to vary from 1.32 × 10^8 to 2.80 × 10^8 molecules cm^-3 with corresponding source rate between 7.26 × 10^6 and 1.64 × 10^7 molecules cm^-3 s^-1. Our results show the degree of pollution is larger in PRD. Sulphuric acid concentrations are fairly high and have a close correlation with new particle formation events. Budget analysis shows that sulphuric acid alone is not enough for required growth; other nonvolatile vapors are needed. However, sulphuric acid plays an important role in growth; the contribution of sulphuric acid to growth in PRD is 12.4%-65.2%.     

CAWS600-SE型自动气象站常见故障的分析及排除

通过对近两年来CAWS600型自动站运行中所产生的故障进行分析,总结出工作中分析及排除故障的常用方法,希望对CAWS600型自动站正常运行有一定指导意义。