抚仙湖垂向分层期间水体细菌群落结构组成及多样性的空间分布

水体垂向分层是深水湖泊一个重要的特征,这不仅影响水体理化环境因子,而且影响水生生物组成的垂向分布,但是对不同水层水体细菌的多样性和群落结构组成的形成与维持机制知之甚少.本研究以抚仙湖为研究对象,在水体热力分层期间采集不同位点、不同水层水样,借助16S rDNA Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,探究水体细菌多样性和群落结构组成的空间分布特征及关键影响因子.研究结果表明:(1)抚仙湖北部湖心在水深15～40 m处出现温跃层,温度由23℃降至15℃,其余理化环境因子也存在明显的垂向分层现象;与垂向差异相比,表层水体各理化因子在水平方向上的差异相对较小.(2)在水平方向上,南部湖心表层水体细菌alpha多样性(Operational Taxonomic Unit数目和Faith’s phylogenetic diversity)最高;在垂向上,水体细菌alpha多样性随着采样水深的增加呈现单峰分布,在30和40 m水层最高;水体细菌alpha和beta多样性的垂向差异均显著大于水平方向差异.(3)表层水体细菌主要由Actinomycetales、unidentified Cyano...     

柴达木盆地鱼卡凹陷页岩气资源潜力评价

柴达木盆地北缘柴页1井揭示,鱼卡凹陷中侏罗统大煤沟组具有页岩气形成的地质条件,但资源潜力不明。结合钻井和地震资料,识别和优选含气页岩厚度、面积、含气量等参数,采用体积法计算鱼卡凹陷页岩气地质资源量。结果表明,埋深1500~3000m的页岩气资源最为富集,占鱼卡凹陷总地质资源量的38.95%,其中游离气占38%,展示了鱼卡凹陷良好的页岩气资源前景。     

Linkage between permafrost distribution and river runoff changes across the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau

River runoff in the Arctic and the Tibetan Plateau(TP) change significantly in recent decades. However, the mechanisms of the physical processes of permafrost river runoff change remain uncertain across large scale. This study investigated the mainstreams and tributaries of main Arctic and TP rivers dominated by permafrost and assessed the linkage between hydrological regime change and permafrost. The results show that the effects of permafrost on river runoff are highly dependent on the permafrost coverage of a watershed. For the past decades, the majority of the Arctic and TP basins showed increased discharge, while all of the studied basins showed increased baseflow, with faster increasing speed than total discharge.Both total discharge and baseflow annual change rate(ΔQ and ΔBF) increased with permafrost coverage, indicating the increments of streamflow are enhanced with high permafrost coverage. Meanwhile, the annual change of precipitation showed weak connection with total discharge and baseflow change. The high permafrost coverage basins showed high annual maximum/minimum discharge ratio(Qmax/Qmin), while the Qmax/Qminchanged slightly in low permafrost cover basins. Our results highlight the importance of permafrost coverage on streamflow regime change for permafrost basins across the northern hemisphere. Due to these linkage between permafrost extent and runoff regime change and the increasing changes of permafrost, more attention should be paid to the change of hydrological processes in permafrost-underlain basins.     

柴北缘中侏罗统湖相泥页岩储层矿物组成与脆性特征

运用X射线衍射技术,对柴北缘中侏罗统46块岩心泥页岩样品和15块露头泥页岩样品进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明研究区泥页岩矿物成分中黏土矿物含量最高,介于33%~79.7%之间,平均54.3%;其次为石英,含量介于14.5%~57.8%之间,平均35.4%;碳酸盐矿物含量较少,总量一般介于0~13%之间,个别样品大于15%,露头样品与岩心样品矿物成分有差别。黏土矿物组合特征反映出研究区进入中成岩阶段,对应有机质演化的成熟阶段,具有适宜页岩油气形成的成熟度条件。扫描电镜显示,研究区泥页岩发育3种孔隙类型。与海相页岩相比,柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩黏土矿物含量高但敏感性矿物含量低,石英、长石等脆性矿物含量偏低但达到湖相泥页岩开发标准,脆性指数平均为42.6%,整体上具有较好的脆性和可压性,有利于该区湖相页岩的压裂改造。     

陆相页岩层系石油富集区带优选、甜点区段评价与关键技术应用

陆相页岩层系石油包括致密油和页岩油,是国内陆上"进(近)源找油"的主要对象,目前已进入战略突破期。以"十三五"国家油气重大专项课题联合攻关研究成果为基础,本文系统阐述了近5年我国陆相页岩层系石油聚集条件、富集区带、甜点区段、关键技术等方面的研究进展:(1)陆相湖盆主要发育陆源、内碎屑和混积岩-沉凝灰岩3种类型富液态烃页岩层系,提出有利储集相带、近源或源内、构造背景3个共性富集要素,评选出页岩层系石油富集区带33个,资源规模约110×10⁸ t;(2)储层甜点评价是页岩层系石油甜点区段评价的核心内容,发现砂岩、混积岩-沉凝灰岩集中发育段是主要有利储层甜点段,形成以储层甜点为核心的测井甜点段评价、地震甜点区预测方法,预测优选出55个甜点区,资源规模约32×10⁸ t;(3)以"甜点+水平井+密切割"为核心,集成配套地质评价、甜点预测、优快钻井、复杂缝网、效益开发等关键技术系列,支撑了5个亿吨级页岩层系油区快速发展。页岩层系石油预计待识别甜点区面积约17000 km²,待探明资源约130×10⁸ t,有望...