VTI介质中准P波方程叠前逆时深度偏移

根据具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性（VTI）介质中的一阶准P波方程,导出了该方程在交错网格中逆时延拓的高阶有限差分格式,给出了其稳定性条件,采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件解决边界反射问题,分别应用下行波最大能量法和归一化互相关成像条件, 实现了VTI介质中准P波方程的叠前逆时深度偏移．各向异性Marmousi模型的试算结果表明,VTI介质准P波方程叠前逆时深度偏移算法不受地下构造倾角和介质横向速度变化的限制,对复杂模型具有良好的成像能力;应用归一化互相关成像条件能得到更好的成像效果．对比该模型的各向异性和各向同性逆时偏移剖面表明,在各向异性地区采集的纵波数据用各向异性偏移算法理论上能得到更好的成像结果．      

The effect of metallicity on the minimum mass ratio of W Ursae Majoris-type systems

According to the prevenient theoretical study, the minimum mass ratio for tidal stability of W Ursae Majoris (W UMa) systems is q _min?=(M ₂/M ₁)～0.071–0.078. However, the mass ratios of some observed W UMa binaries are smaller than the theoretical minimum mass ratio. Using Eggleton’s stellar evolution code, we study the effects of metallicity and evolution on the minimum mass ratio of W UMa systems (M ₁=1.2M _⊙). We assume that $k_{1}^{2}=k_{2}^{2}$ for the component’s dimensionless gyration radii and that the contact degree is about 70 per cent. We find that the dynamical stability of W UMa binaries depends on the metallicity of W UMa systems. For the W UMa systems at age = 0 Gyr, the distribution of the minimum mass ratio has a fairly wide range, from 0.083 to 0.064, with the metallicity range from Z=0.0001 to 0.03. W UMa systems with Z=0.01 have the smallest value of the minimum mass ratio, which is about 0.064. The existence of low-q systems can be explained partly by the dependence of the dimensionless gyration radius on the metallicity. In addition, the dependence of the minimum mass ratio on the evolution, as suggested by previously work, is confirmed.     

山西省降水与环流特征量及ELnino的关系

本文通过滑动相关普查方法，对山西30个代表站点的夏半年（6-11月）降水与前期74个环流特征量及北太平海海温月平均资料作逐点逐月普查相关分析，结果表明：上年7-10月的南方涛动指数及赤道东太平洋（ELnino区）海温与我省夏半年降水分别有很好的相关关系，它们的出现对山西夏半年降水影响是非常强的，同时还发现前期多个环流指数如太阳黑子、西太平洋副高与我省夏半年降水也有很好的相关关系。     

河北省任丘市表层土壤元素地球化学评价

土壤是重要的自然资源之一,与人们的生活息息相关。笔者等基于任丘市1∶5万比例尺土地质量地球化学调查成果,依据相关标准和规范,对研究区土壤植物生长必需营养元素、重金属环境质量和土壤健康质量的元素进行了评价,为研究区生态环境保护、土地利用规划、特色农业开发、高标准农田建设等提供了科学依据。评价结果表明：① 土壤养分元素磷、钾、三氧化二铁处于丰富或中等状态,有机质、氮、铜、钼等元素处于较缺乏状态,有效态中有效锰、有效铁较缺乏;土壤总体处于碱性,偏碱性,元素有效态含量与其全量做相关分析得出具有一定的相关性,土壤pH从碱性到强碱性,Cu、Mn、Zn、K元素有效态与其全量的相关性减弱,B、P元素有效态与全量的相关性增强;②重金属元素单因子指数法评价,除一个样品Ni元素和两个样品Zn元素超过农用地土壤筛选值外,Cu、Pb、As、Cd、Cr、Hg元素均符合农用地土壤污染风险管控标准;研究区尼梅罗综合污染指数全部小于0. 7,说明全部达到了一级水平;研究区8种重金属元素全部符合无公害蔬菜产地的环境质量标准;除个别Cd元素和Pb元素样品不达标外,其他元素水平全部符合土壤《绿色食品产地环境质量标准》;③反映土壤健康质量的元素F和Se元素整体处于缺乏—较缺乏状态,I元素整体处于适中状态。     

新疆城市化过程及机制分析

城市人则城市化研究的核心问题。在分析新疆城市化现状特征的基础上，围绕新疆城市发展的阶段和过程，采用多因素的灰色关联分析和比较分析等手段，对新疆1978－2000年间城市化发展过程进行分析和探讨，寻求并探索新疆城市化发展的特征、水平和演化机制。研究结果发现各因素与城市化的关联度不仅在横向上存在着指标间的差异，在纵向上显示出1990－2000间各指标与城市化的相关性明显高于1978－1989年间，部分指标与城市化关系发生了负向变化。表明近20多年来新疆城市化稳定发展，城市化系统条件（农村和城市的控制性次系统及整个社会经济文化）有一定的提高，体现了系统各因素与城市化发展的同向性以及区域发展的合理趋势，但整体薄弱的社会经济基础是新疆城市化落后的根本原因，产业结构升级转换仍将是新疆城市化的主要动力。     

The influence of Stokes drift on oil spills: Sanchi oil spill case

Spilled oil floats and travels across the water’s surface under the influence of wind, currents, and wave action. Wave-induced Stokes drift is an important physical process that can affect surface water particles but that is currently absent from oil spill analyses. In this study, two methods are applied to determine the velocity of Stokes drift, the first calculates velocity from the wind-related formula based upon a one-dimensional frequency spectrum, while the second determines velocity directly from the wave model that was based on a two-dimensional spectrum. The experimental results of numerous models indicated that: (1) oil simulations that include the influence of Stokes drift are more accurate than that those do not; (2) for medium and long-term simulations longer than two days or more, Stokes drift is a significant factor that should not be ignored, and its magnitude can reach about 2% of the wind speed; (3) the velocity of Stokes drift is related to the wind but is not linear. Therefore, Stokes drift cannot simply be replaced or substituted by simply increasing the wind drift factor, which can cause errors in oil spill projections; (4) the Stokes drift velocity obtained from the two-dimensional wave spectrum makes the oil spill simulation more accurate.     

国内外公共服务设施空间布局研究进展

按照纵向发展时序对国内外公共服务设施空间布局研究的视角、方法和主题进行了梳理。结果表明：国外研究主题历经了区位选择和布局模式、空间布局的公平性和可达性、布局的社会分异及其形成机制等的演变;研究视角从单纯的计量地理发展到与经济学、社会学等多学科交叉;研究方法从构建模型发展到与GIS结合等多种方法集成等。相比之下,国内研究差距明显,主要表现在研究视角欠缺多学科的交叉融合,方法多借鉴国外,缺乏创新,主题较为局限。最后提出未来研究应该多关注以下5方面：丰富可达性的内涵进行公平性度量;在以人为本的基础上整合配套多设施协同布局;注重设施的应时性和可变性;在大数据背景下开展小尺度的实证研究;植根中国实际,研究对象转向农村地区以及城市边缘区。     

大连地区一次副热带高压边缘暖锋暴雨机制分析

利用常规气象观测资料、自动站逐时降雨量资料以及NCEP逐6小时再分析资料（1°×1°）,对2020年8月31日大连地区一次副热带高压（下称副高）边缘暖锋暴雨过程的环境场特征和动力热力机制进行了分析。结果表明：暴雨发生在远距离台风活动的有利背景下,由副高、500 hPa高空槽和850 hPa暖式切变线共同影响所致。大连地区处于副高边缘,台风造成副高西伸北抬,副高和台风外围的偏南暖湿气流共同为暴雨区输送充足的水汽条件,为此次暴雨的产生提供了有利的大尺度环流背景场。暴雨发生前大气对流不稳定,深厚的湿层和暖云层以及较低的云底高度,是产生较高降雨效率的有利条件。850 hPa比湿大于14 g﹒kg-1,超过区域暴雨阈值;近地层出现强水汽通量辐合中心并配合上升运动区,对强降水的预报具有明显指示意义。高空急流提供强辐散“抽吸”作用,对流层中下层西南风的不断加强和向下传播出现低空和超低空急流,高、低空急流耦合形成较强的上升运动,触发不稳定能量释放,产生强降水,超低空急流的出现对此次暴雨的产生、发展和维持发挥关键的作用。暴雨区上空存在广义位温等值线密集带和陡立区,由于凝结潜热释放而引起广义位温高值区呈漏斗状向下伸展,中低层强暖平流促使湿斜压性显著增强,有利于暖锋锋生,从而导致整层饱和大气的抬升,最终产生强降雨天气。     

Experimental study on the shear behavior of the interface between cushion materials and the concrete raft

Cushion is a layer of granular materials between the raft and the ground. The shear behavior of the interface between the cushion and the raft may influence the seismic performance of the superstructure. In order to quantify such influences, horizontal shear tests on the interfaces between different cushion materials and concrete raft under monotonic and cyclic loading were carried out. The vertical pressure P_v, material type and cushion thickness h_c were taken as variables. Conclusions include: 1) under monotonic loading, P_v is the most significant factor; the shear resistance P_(hmax) increases as P_v increases, but the normalized factor of resistance μ_n has an opposite tendency; 2) for the materials used in this study, μ_n varies from 0.40 to 0.70, the interface friction angle δ_s varies from 20° to 35°, while u_(max) varies from 3 mm to 15 mm; 3) under cyclic loading, the interface behavior can be abstracted as a "three-segment" back-bone curve, the main parameters include μ_n, the displacement u_1 and stiffness K_1 of the elastic stage, the displacement u_2 and stiffness K_2 of the plastic stage; 4) by observation and statistical analysis, the significance of different factors, together with values of K_1, K_2 and μ_n have been obtained.     

Revisiting the death of geography in the era of Big Data: the friction of distance in cyberspace and real space

Many scholars have argued that the importance of geographic proximity in human interactions has been diminished by the use of the Internet, while others disagree with this argument. Studies have noted the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, showing that interactions occur with an inverse relationship between the number of interactions and the distance between the locations of the interactors. However, these studies rarely provide strong evidence to show the influence of distance on interactions in cyberspace, nor do they quantify the differences in the amount of friction of distance between cyberspace and real space. To fill this gap, this study used massive amounts of social media data (Twitter) to compare the influence of distance decay on human interactions between cyberspace and real space in a quantitative manner. To estimate the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, the distance decay function of interactions in each space was modeled. Estimating the distance decay in cyberspace in this study can help predict the degree of information flow across space through social media. Measuring how far ideas can be diffused through social media is useful for users of location-based services, policy advocates, public health officials, and political campaigners.