Public cognition and response to earthquake disaster: from the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan to the 2013 Mw6.6 Lushan earthquakes in Sichuan Province,China

Natural Hazards - China is one of the countries most affected by earthquakes. Improving public cognition and response to earthquake disaster (EDCR) is an effective means to reduce seismic risk and...     

MC-ICP-MS高精度测定Li同位素分析方法

以不同浓度Li元素标准样品和K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe单元素标准样品的混合溶液为研究对象,采用3根阳离子交换树脂（AG 50W X8,200~400目）填充的聚丙烯交换柱和石英交换柱对Li进行分离富集,淋洗液分别为28 mol/L HCl、015 mol/L HCl以及05 mol/L HCl 30%乙醇,淋洗液体积小,仅为38 mL。分离回收率高,均大于976%。国际标样AGV 2（相对于IRMM 016）、BHVO 2（相对于IRMM 016）和IRMM 016（相对于L SVEC）的δ7Li值分别为(513±094)‰(2σ,n=10)、(408±060)‰(2σ,n=4)和(0038±073)‰(2σ,n=10),与前人分析结果吻合,分析精度与国际同类实验室水平相当。并对比了马里兰大学同位素实验室和笔者实验室对同种岩石矿物样品的分析结果,在误差范围内具有很好的一致性。此外,对美国地质调查局提供的准标样NKT 1霞石岩（相对于IRMM 016）给出了定值,δ7Li值为(871±046)‰(2σ,n=4)。因此,本方法可用于测定天然样品的Li同位素组成。     

青岛大气中有机氯农药(OCPs)的初步研究

2005年4月至2006年3月,利用大流量采样器采集青岛大气中气相和颗粒相样品,并分析气相和颗粒相中的有机氯农药(OCPs).结果表明,青岛大气中α-HCH、y-HCH、HCB、o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDT和p,p ′-DDE的浓度平均值分别为(78±41) pg/m3、(289±236) pg/m3、(221±186) pg/m3、(81±62) pg/m3、(54±49) pg/m3和(60±44)pg/m3,远低于广州、天津等城市.大气中的有机氯农药浓度在一定程度上受温度影响,但相关系数并不高(R2＜0.4),斜率较缓,表明大气的长距离迁移对其浓度也有一定的影响.用后向气流轨迹法对气团来源追踪,发现当青岛受到东亚沙尘暴的影响时,有机氯农药的浓度升高,而当有来自黄海较干净的气团到达青岛时,大气中有机氯农药的浓度明显偏低.     

内蒙中部地区水系沉积物异常评价方法

通过对内蒙中部地区水系沉积物U、~(210)Po的区域概查,在约60000km~2范围内,发现了104个U异常点,296个~(210)Po异常点,并圈出了U异常晕圈210个,~(210)Po异常圈144个。在此基础上,总结了评价异常的方法、程序和10个主要评价判据,并对异常进行了分类(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ类)。文章通过对三个实例的解剖、从较多的U、~(210)Po异常中分辨出矿异常及非矿异常。从而说明,在干旱荒漠地区进行水系沉积物测量,快速扫面,是普查找矿远景行之有效的方法之一。     

Hydrothermal pattern of frozen soil in Nam Co lake basin,the Tibetan Plateau

Hydrothermal processes and the regimes of frozen soil formed in alpine regions with glaciers and lake area are complex and important for ecological environment but have not been studied in Tibet. Based on soil temperature and moisture data from October 2005 to September 2006 collected in the Nam Co lake basin, Tibetan Plateau (TP), those questions were discussed. The mean annual air temperature was −3.4°C with 8 months below 0°C. Air and soil temperature varied between −25.3~13.1°C and −10.3~8.8°C, respectively. Soil moisture variations in the active layer were small with the minimum value of 1.4%, but were influenced greatly by snowmelt, rainfall and evaporation, varying up to 53.8%. The active layer froze later, thawed earlier and was thinner, however, the lower altitude limit of permafrost is higher than that in most areas of TP. The effects of soil moisture (unfrozen water content) on soil temperature, which were estimated through proposed models, were more significant near ground surface than the other layers. The surface soil temperature decreased with snowcover, the effect of cold snow meltwater infiltration on soil thermal conditions was negligible, however, the effect of rainfall infiltration was evident causing thermal disruptions.     

氧化铬柱支撑蒙脱石的制备研究

以浙江和新疆的膨润土为原料合成了氧化铝柱支撑蒙脱石,成柱溶液以Na2CO3为碱水解铝盐溶液制得。因为制备含有大聚羟基铬阳离子的成柱溶液是获得具有大的基面间距的柱支撑粘土的关键,我们详细研究了CO32-／Cr3＋值、水解温度和水解时间对所得柱支撑蒙脱石性质的影响。聚羟基铬阳离子通过阳离子交换引入蒙脱石,所得产物用X射线衍射分析和BET氮比表面等方法研究。所得氧化铝柱支撑蒙脱石（简称Cr－mont）的基面间距为2．55nm,BET氮比表面积为190～230m2／g。     

Phosphorus biological cycle in the different Suaeda salsa marshes of the Yellow River estuary, China

Much uncertainty exists in the phosphorus (P) cycle in the marshes of the intertidal zone. This study explored the P cycling in the two Suaeda salsa marshes [middle S. salsa marsh (MSM) and low S. salsa marsh (LSM)] of the Yellow River estuary during April 2008 to November 2009. Results showed seasonal fluctuations and vertical distributions of P in different S. salsa marsh soils, and variations in P content in different parts of plants due to water and salinity status. The N/P ratios of the different S. salsa were 9.87 ± 1.23 and 15.73 ± 1.77, respectively, indicating that plant growth in MSM was limited by N, while that in LSM was limited by both N and P. The S. salsa litter in MSM released P to the environment throughout the year, while that in LSM immobilized P from the environment at all times. The P absorption coefficients of S. salsa in MSM and LSM were very low (0.0010 and 0.0001, respectively), while the biological cycle coefficients were high (0.739 and 0.812, respectively). The P turnovers among compartments of MSM and LSM showed that the uptake amounts of roots were 0.4275 and 0.0469 g m^?2 year^?1 and the values of aboveground parts were 1.1702 and 0.1833 g m^?2 year^?1, the re-translocation quantities from aboveground parts to roots were 0.8544 and 0.1452 g m^?2 year^?1, the translocation amounts from roots to soil were 0.0137 and 0.0012 g m^?2 year^?1, the translocation quantities from aboveground living bodies to litter were 0.3157 and 0.0381 g m^?2 year^?1, and the annual return quantities from litter to soil were less than 0.0626 and ?0.0728 g m^?2 year^?1 (minus represented immobilization), respectively. P was an important limiting factor in S. salsa marshes, especially in LSM. S. salsa was seemingly well adapted to the low-nutrient condition and the vulnerable habitat, and the nutrient enrichment due to the import of N and P from the Yellow River estuary would be a potential threat to the S. salsa marshes.     

盆地深部穹隆构造发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义——以塔里木盆地顺北地区为例

塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩中广泛发育穹隆构造.为研究盆地深部穹隆构造的发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义,基于顺北地区高精度三维地震资料,对穹隆构造开展几何学定量解析,确定其空间分布规律及内部结构样式;结合区域构造背景及盆内构造发育特征,明确其成因机制;在此基础上,结合生产动态数据探讨穹隆构造的控储—控藏作用.研究...     

The Fragmentation in a Protoplanetary Disk and the Properties of the Resultant Self-Gravitating Clumps

We study the fragmentation properties in the protoplanetary disk and properties of the resultant self-gravitating clumps using our newly constructed disk model. Our disk model includes the mass inflall term from a molecular cloud core and the photoevaporation winds effect. We adopt the conventional fragmentation criterion to judge whether a protoplanetary disk can fragment. In this work, we follow our previous work to investigate the properties of the resultant self-gravitating clumps. In our calculation, the initial masses of the resultant self-gravitating clumps lie in the range of tens of M_J to more than one hundred of M_J, where M_J is the Jupiter mass. These initial masses can seemingly account for the masses of extrasolar planets in magnitude. We also calculate the subsequent gas accretion of clumps in 1.27 × 10⁴ yr after the formation of self-gravitating clumps. We find that the subsequent gas accretion of self-gravitating clumps is very efficient, and the clump masses grow to hundreds of M_J and the physical radii R_c of clumps increase to about 10 AU. Additionally, we also calculate the orbital migration of clumps. We find that most clumps have short migration timescale to be accreted onto the protostar, and only a small fraction of clumps have long migration timescale (>10⁶ yr) to successfully become gas giant planets. These results are consistent with previous studies.