胶州湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的周年变化

于2007年1—12月在胶州湾搭载＂创新号＂考察船完成了12个航次的浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量调查。结果表明,胶州湾纤毛虫丰度的范围为41—31077ind/L,生物量范围为0.06—99.37μgC/L。表层纤毛虫平均丰度于6月达到全年最高值（6065ind/L）,12月为最低值（843ind/L）;平均生物量8月达全年...     

Water conservancy projects in China: Achievements,challenges and way forward

China's water policies in the past decades have relied heavily on the construction of massive water conservancy projects in the form of dams and reservoirs, water transfer projects, and irrigation infrastructure. These facilities have brought tremendous economic and social benefits but also posed many adverse impacts on the eco-environment and society. With the intensification of water scarcity, China's future water conservancy development is facing tremendous challenge of supporting the continuous economic development while protecting the water resources and the dependent ecosystems. This paper provides an overview of China's water conservancy development, and illustrates the socioeconomic, environmental and ecological impacts. A narrative of attitude changes of the central government towards water conservancy, as well as key measures since the 1950s is presented. The strategic water resources management plan set by the central government in its Document No. 1 of 2011 is elaborated with focus on the three stringent controlling “redlines” concerning national water use, water use efficiency and water pollution and the huge investments poised to finance their implementation. We emphasize that realizing the goals set in the strategic plan requires paradigm shifts of the water conservancy development towards maximizing economic and natural capitals, prioritizing investment to preserve intact ecosystems and to restore degraded ecosystems, adapting climate change, balancing construction of new water projects and rejuvenation of existing projects, and managing both “blue” (surface/groundwater) and “green” water (soil water).     

试论气象高等院校图书馆的可持续发展

对气象高等院校图书馆现状进行分析,再根据社会、经济及气象高等教育的发展提出气象高等院校图书馆可持续发展的模式,最后提出目前加强气象高等院校图书馆可持续发展的对策。     

中国地震预报论坛2019年学术交流在青海海东举办

中国地震学会地震预报专业委员会与中国科学院力学研究所和青海省地震局于2019年8月26—28日在青海海东市联合举办了中国地震预报论坛2019年学术交流会。来自全国行业内外的150名代表参加了此次学术交流。大会设置了8个专题;共交流报告50篇,其中,口头报告30篇,张贴展板20篇;30篇口头报告中,特邀口头报告9篇,行业系统外口头报告7篇,行业内雏鹰报告9篇。除了一贯的最佳张贴报告评选之外,大会还对张贴报告首次设立了最佳创意奖,对雏鹰报告设置了最佳形象奖。大会按照惯例举行了Panel讨论,针对大地震的物理机制以及预测地震所依赖的观测技术展开了积极的讨论。大会学术交流之后举办了关于地震滑坡灾害的实体科普调研活动。本次论坛会前征集到论文摘要142篇。针对特别设立的宜宾地震专题,快速征集到摘要8篇,分别涉及前震识别、震源机制解析、孕震构造环境、动力学条件、视应力变化与电离层异常等。全部论文摘要集在《国际地震动态》第8期刊出。《高原地震》和《地震》分别出版了部分报告的全文。     

斜压涡旋中的通风气流与热带气旋移动的关系

应用准地转斜压模式数值模拟了热带气旋的移动。将热带气旋的流场分解为轴对称分量和非对称分量,研究非对称流场中的通风气流矢量与热带气旋移动矢量的关系。数值试验结果表明:(1)在热带气旋的非对称流场中,不但有大尺度β涡旋,而且还有小尺度涡旋。(2)小尺度涡旋与大尺度β涡旋之间的相互作用导致热带气旋移向的摆动和移速的振荡。(3)应用Fiorino和Elsberry的方法计算的通风气流矢量与热带气旋移动矢量有很大偏差。(4)应用改进的方法计算的通风气流矢量与热带气旋移动矢量相关密切。     

二叠纪海平面变化研究

在研究全球不同地区二叠纪沉积、层序及生物资料基础上,通过全球诸大陆典型剖面层序划分和对比表明,二叠纪至少有6次海平面升降事件具全球对比意义。二叠纪全球海平面旋回曲线,在不同板块不同成因盆地,其形态及结构不同,但总体可分为两种类型或分支;一是以海相→陆相沉积序列为主的反映主体海平面下降的经典型或欧美型;二是以海相碳酸盐岩→碳酸盐-硅质岩沉积序列为特征的揭示主体海平面上升的特拉斯型或华南型。这与二叠纪特定的全球构造-古地理密切相关。     

中国耕地利用集约度结构变化及其区域差异

Based on the data from the Cost-benefit Data of Farm Produce and the China Agricultural Yearbook, this paper divided the intensity of cultivated land use into labor intensity and capital intensity, and then analyzed their temporal and spatial change at both national and provincial levels between 1980 and 2006. The results showed that: (1) At the national level, labor intensity on food produce decreased from 398.5 day/ha in 1980 to 130.25 day/ha in 2006; and a continuous decrease with a steep decline between 1980 and 1986, a slower decline from 1987 to 1996, and another steep decline from 1997 to 2006. On the contrary, capital intensity shows an increasing trend since 1980. As to the internal composition of capital intensity, the proportion of seed, chemical fertilizer and pesticide input decreased from 90.36% to 73.44% and the proportion of machinery increased from 9.64% to 26.56%. The less emphasis on yield-increasing input and more emphasis on labor-saving input are the main reasons for a slow increase of yield per unit area after 1996. (2) At the provincial level, the developed areas have lower labor intensity and higher capital intensity. The less developed ones have higher labor intensity but lower capital intensity. From the viewpoint of the internal composition of capital intensity, labor-saving input accounts for more proportion in the developed areas than that of other areas. The main reason is that in these developed areas, labor input has become a constraint factor in food production as more and more labors engaged in off-farm work. Farmers increase the labor-saving input for higher labor productivity. However, in the less developed areas, the major constraint is the shortage of capital; food production is still depending on labor and yield-increasing inputs.     

河北邯邢地区铁、煤矿山治水及水资源开发利用途径

邯邢地区西部武安—涉县古生代凹陷中,沉积了一套厚大的寒武—奥陶系的碳酸盐岩,是本区岩溶水的主要赋存层位。邯邢地区的工、农业及生活用水主要是依靠岩溶水资源。但该区埋藏着丰富的铁、煤等矿产,由于地下岩溶水丰富又给矿山的开采造成很大的困难,为了解决这一矛盾,处理好供排关系,充分开发利用铁、煤矿产和地下水资源,本文提出一些探索性看法。     

中国区域电离层垂测仪探测参量与COSMIC掩星反演结果比较研究

利用漠河站、左岭站、富克站垂测仪数据和COSMIC反演的电离层资料,分析比较了太阳活动高年两种探测手段获取的电离层特征参量(NmF2、hmF2)的相关性.结果表明,两种方式获取的电离层对应特征参量相关性较高,且NmF2的相关性好于hmF2,同时相关性与纬度和季节有关.在地磁中纬度地区对应参量相关性较好,而在地磁低纬度受北驼峰控制区域相关性降低;在电离层赤道异常区域,春秋季、夏季对应特征参量相关性好于冬季.造成冬季相关性低的可能原因是,在跨越赤道中性风作用下,冬季电离层赤道异常区电子浓度梯度较大,造成掩星反演误差增大,致使两种探测手段获取的电离层特征参量相关性降低.