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2008年5月12日汶川(31.0°N,103.4°E)8.0级大地震,造成了数十万人员伤亡,震惊世界.对这次8级特大地震,没有做出短临预报,深感愧疚!对这次8级特大地震监测预报工作进行科学总结和反思,震前有否觉察?作者信箱:符干,fugan6618@tom.com 相似文献
93.
Interaction of a river plume with coastal upwelling in the northeastern South China Sea 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Observational and modeling studies were conducted to investigate the Pearl River plume and its interaction with the southwesterly driven upwelling circulation in the northern South China Sea during the summer. After exiting the Pearl River Estuary, the discharged freshwater generates a nearly stationary bulge of freshwater near the entrance of the estuary. Forced by the wind-driven coastal upwelling current, the freshwater in the outer part of the bulge flows downstream at the speed of the current and forms a widening and deepening buoyant plume over the shelf. The plume axis gradually shifts offshore of the current maximum as a result of currents induced by the contrasting density at the nose of plume and by the intensified Ekman drift in the plume. In this plume–current system, the fraction of the discharged freshwater volume accumulated in the bulge reaches a steady state and the volume of newly discharged freshwater is transported downstream by the upwelling current. Enhancement of stratification by the plume thins the surface frictional layer and enhances the cross-shelf circulation in the upper water column such that the surface Ekman current and compensating flow beneath the plume are amplified while the shoaling of the deeper dense water in the upwelling region changes minimally. The pressure gradient generated between the buoyant plume and ambient seawater accelerates the wind-driven current along the inshore edge of the plume but retards it along the offshore edge. Along the plume, downward momentum advection is strong near the highly nonlinear source region and a weaker upward momentum advection occurs in the far field over the shelf. Typically, the plume is shaped by the current over the shelf while the current itself is adjusting to a new dynamic balance invoked by the plume-induced changes of vertical viscosity and the horizontal pressure gradient. The spatial variation of this new balance leads to a coherent change in the cross-isobath transport in the upper water column during upwelling. 相似文献
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Influence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on earthquake occurrence trend of active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region
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The Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation field is inferred from the coseismic dislocation data based on a 3-D geometric model of the active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. Then the potential dislocation displacement is inverted from the deformation field in the 3-D geometric model. While the faults' slip velocities are inverted from GPS and leveling data, which can be used as the long-term slip vector. After the potential dislocation displacements are projected to long-term slip direction, we have got the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results show that the northwestern segment of Longmenshan fault, the southern segments of Xianshuihe fault, Anninghe fault, Zemuhe fault, northern and southern segments of Daliangshan fault, Mabian fault got earthquake risks advanced of 305, 19, 12, 9.1 and 18, 51 years respectively in the eastern part of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, Nujiang fault, Longling-Lancang fault, Nantinghe fault and Zhongdian fault also got earthquake risks advanced in the western part of Sichuan-Yunnan region. Whereas the northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault and Xiaojiang fault got earthquake risks reduced after the Wenchuan earthquake. 相似文献
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97.
I~IOXThe northern South China Sea is the frontal region for the water exchange between the sleuthChina Sea (SCS) and its neighboring seas. Its northeast part connects to the East China hothrough the Taiwan Strait and the east part ~ates with the Pacific Ocean by the LUZOn Strait.The a~heric interface over the northern SCS is the important paSSage for the South China Seamourn. Therefore, the uPPer vallationS Of the northern SCS are not Only affected by the dynndc and thermed~c d… 相似文献
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99.
北京山区泥石流预警阈值初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
泥石流预警阈值,是突发地质灾害防灾减灾的重要参考指标。本文结合北京山区泥石流灾害特点和已有降雨阈值研究成果,一方面在泥石流沟易发性、物源和危害人数进行分级的基础上,提出不同级别沟谷在不同前期降雨条件下,不同发灾概率的激发雨量,极大地方便了中短期预警实际工作;另一方面将泥石流流域降雨量、土壤含水率、次声、泥位4个参数,作为泥石流短临灾害预警关键物理参数,开展了泥石流专业监测设备预警阈值研究。最终,从技术层面上构建不同时间维度的泥石流监测预警阈值体系,为北京山区泥石流监测预警提供技术支持。 相似文献
100.
凤凰山花岗闪长岩与凤凰山铜矿床在成因上关系密切,通过对未蚀变花岗闪长岩中的角闪石和斜长石进行岩石学观察及详细的矿物成分分析,并利用角闪石-斜长石矿物平衡温压计反演角闪石、斜长石结晶时的温压条件,进一步探讨花岗闪长岩的形成条件及其成岩成矿意义。电子探针分析结果显示,角闪石分子中Si=6.37~7.16p.f.u.(p.f.u.为每单位晶胞),Mg/(Fe2++Mg)=0.63~0.76,Al(Ⅳ)T=0.84~1.63p.f.u.,属于镁角闪石和镁钙闪石。斜长石牌号An变化范围为:23~36,主要为更长石和中长石。通过角闪石-斜长石温压计的计算,得出早期角闪石结晶压力为446MPa~474MPa,对应的岩体侵位深度为14.72km~15.63km,结晶温度为1 066.39℃~1 070.55℃;晚期角闪石结晶压力为100MPa~191MPa,对应的岩体侵位深度为3.32km~6.32km,结晶温度为784.26℃~822.7℃。综合分析表明凤凰山花岗闪长岩是来自于深部幔源的岩浆沿断裂上侵至中下地壳(约15km),形成深部岩浆房,并发生结晶分异和同化混染作用,随后在构造扰动下,深部岩浆房中的岩浆沿构造薄弱面再次上侵至近地表(3km~6km),经冷凝固结形成的。矿物温压计算结果和区域地层学资料显示,自141 Ma以来,凤凰山矿区遭受剥蚀的主要是地层,岩体以及矿床的剥蚀程度较小,属于保存条件较为完好的成矿系统,而当前凤凰山铜矿勘探和开采深度不足1km,因此,深部具有较好的找矿前景。 相似文献