自动站数据维护和异常处理之浅析

介绍了自动气象站地面数据的维护及自动站运行过程中较常出现的数据异常等应注意的问题和相应的处理方法。     

Organochlorine pesticides in sediments of Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers, North China

Organochlorine pesticides (HCHs, DDTs and HCB) have been investigated in sediments of Laizhou Bay and its adjacent rivers. The average concentrations of HCHs, DDTs and HCBs are 0.09 ng/g dw, 0.59 and 0.05 for marine sediments and 0.55, 8.6 and 1.1 for riverine sediments, respectively. Laizhou Bay is less contaminated by HCHs and DDTs in comparison with other coastal regions around the world, including the other two biggest bays in Bohai Sea. Fresh input of lindane and dicofol-type DDT were found in several riverine sites. Relatively strong TOC-dependence of HCB distribution in the entire studied area suggested no point source existed and/or water-sediment equilibrium achieved. No significant difference of α/γ-HCH ratios have been observed between marine and riverine sediments. However, o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT ratios varied largely between the two regions.     

总部经济视角下港口城市转型发展的规律与启示

世界港口城市发展演变规律表明,在不同历史时期,港口城市发展与演变均体现了总部经济实质:港口城市以先天区位优势成为吸引代表先进生产力发展水平的高级要素聚集高地,形成了以集聚性、扩延性、示范性、辐射性和吸引性为特点的先进经济形态,并最终演变成现代总部经济形态。世界先进港口城市的转型与发展给我们以下启示:现代总部经济发展必须以发达的交通集疏网络为前提;以高水平的信息化建设为重点;以高素质的人力资源为依托;以优越的法制环境为保障;以完善的专业化服务体系为支撑。     

华南准静止锋暖区内降水的物理化学特征

介绍了一次华南准静止暖区内降水的物理化学特征的综合观测分析结果。主要有：①暖区内积云降水雨滴浓度不高，但滴径较大，谱型以多峰谱为主；②雨水ｐＨ值较低，平均４．４３，离子成分中ＮＯ３，Ｃｌ，ＳＯ４，ＮＨ＾＋４，Ｎａ＾＋的浓度较高；③本次降水清除了气溶胶总质量的４５％，对Ｃｌ，Ｆ，ＮＯ３的清除率较高；④由于气溶胶中阴离子被雨水清除的效率较高（主要是ＮＯ３）而阳离子的清除率低，致使雨水ｐＨ值下降，这可能     

东天山红石金矿原生晕轴向分带研究

分带性是热液矿床重要特征,也是勘查与评价热液矿床的重要方法。为建立矿床完整轴向分带模式,需有矿体不同中段的化探样品分析数据。但对于产状较陡、深部工程少的矿体,要建立较准确的原生晕分带难度较大。以新疆红石金矿L1矿体1137 m、1080 m、1000 m和900 m的样品分析数据,分别采用“格氏”、“克氏”和“重心”法计算矿床轴向分带,再利用计算结果综合确定该矿床的原生晕分带模式。勘探验证表明,确定的分带模式与实际吻合性较好,是一种有效确定分带的方法。     

Field-scale spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in a newly reclaimed sandy cropland in the Hexi Corridor of Northwest China

Conversion of native desert to irrigation cropland often results in the changes of soil processes and properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes of soil nutrients and their spatial distribution characteristics of a newly reclaimed cropland at the initial stage of the conversion using statistical and geo-statistical methods. Soil samples were collected at regular intervals from a cropland of 0.24 ha, and their nutrient indicators determined. The mean contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and pH value in this newly reclaimed sandy cropland were averaged at 4.45 g kg^?1, 0.49 g kg^?1, 19.99 mg kg^?1, 21.08 mg kg^?1, 121.60 mg kg^?1, and 8.98, respectively. The ranges were less than 20 m for the semivariogram of SOC, TN, and pH, but exceeded 20 m for AN, AP, and AK. The ratios of nugget-to-sill were less than 10 % for the semivariogram of SOC, TN, and pH, but exceeded 25 % for AN, AP, and AK. There were similar distribution characteristics for SOC, AN, and pH, with different sizes of patches present; such distribution patterns were related to the regular planting of orchard and the interval application of manures. There were big-sized patches in the distributions of AN, AP, and AK. Topography was the main factor causing the spatial heterogeneity of available N, P, K, and the 4 years (2001–2004) of cropping affected the distribution patterns of these nutrient variables. The conversion of native desert to irrigation cropland caused significant increases in soil nutrients, but their spatial distributions had large variations. This study identified the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of each soil nutrient variable, including the environment factors and anthropogenic management practices. There is a great potential to improve the productivity and soil fertility for the newly reclaimed sandy cropland, only if the appropriate and sustainable soil management practices are adopted.     

松潘—甘孜地区百年地震构造和现今动力学

研究区位于青藏高原的东北隅(96°～107°E,30°～35°N)。基于该地区长度大于2km的4 781条1∶20万数字化实测断裂、1900年以来的5 220条数字地震记录,以及野外地质观测数据,识别出993条不同属性的地震断层,构建了该地区百年地震构造格局。1970年以来十年期地震断层跃迁图像表明,自20世纪80年代中期白马—虎牙强烈震群爆发之后,地震活动在沿各主要走滑断层带自西(北西)向东(南东)迁移的同时,逐渐向中部贡玛—达曲断裂带和南部鲜水河断裂带的东南段集中。地震活动的断裂构造联系主要表现为挤压剪切转换机制和典型的楔顶效应。研究区165个GPS速度矢量展现了与3个地块和以鲜水河断裂带为主的速度域、速度梯度带和速度扰动区。跨研究区南缘鲜水河断裂带的位移速率因贡玛—达曲断裂带汇聚而达到了6.5～8.6mm/a,而跨北缘东昆仑断裂带的位移速度只有1.8～2.2mm/a。因鲜水河断裂走向在其中南段发生向南的急剧偏转,垂直断层面的位移矢量分量不断增强,形成了汶川8.0级地震成核及NE向单边破裂的动力学条件。     

Behavior of the Rayleigh-Taylor mode in a dusty plasma with rotational and shear flows

The stability of a dusty plasma with sheared rotational flows is investigated. Using the fluid model together with the Bayly nonmodal approach, the inhomogeneous partial differential equations governing short-wavelength perturbations at the center of a rotational flow field or vortex structure are obtained. The effects of flow eccentricity, strength of the flow shear, as well as concentration of dust grains on the stability of the perturbations are investigated numerically. It is found that flow shear can cause secondary Rayleigh-Taylor instability of a rotational flow.