北部湾SO-50柱状沉积物地球化学特征及其物源分析

通过对北部湾SO-50柱状沉积物进行粒度、Sr-Nd同位素、主微量元素及AMS14C分析,结果表明该柱状沉积物可以划分为两段,即上段（0~540 cm,0~3.0 ka BP）和下段（540~571 cm,3.0~3.3 ka BP）,它们反映了不同的物质源区贡献。下段较上段砂含量相对较高,主量元素（除SiO₂外）及稀土元素含量相对减少,87Sr/86Sr与ε_Nd除异常点外,总体变化幅度不大。研究结果显示SO-50柱状沉积物的物质来源比较稳定,具有强烈的陆源特征,下段沉积物的源区主要是琼州海峡东侧原有沉积物的再搬运和台湾岛河流携带沉积物的混合,上段沉积物除了琼州海峡东侧和台湾岛的贡献外,周边陆区海岸侵蚀物的贡献相对加强。根据SO-50柱状沉积物的研究结果表明,北部湾东部泥质区的物质来源除了琼州海峡东侧沉积物和沿岸侵蚀物的贡献外,台湾岛河流携带的沉积物对其影响也应引起重视。     

中国旅游业碳排放效率的空间网络结构及其效应研究

基于中国30个省区2001-2016年面板数据,采用SBM模型测度各省区旅游业碳排放效率,借助修正的引力模型和社会网络分析方法,厘清中国旅游业碳排放效率的空间网络结构及其效应。研究表明：① 中国旅游业碳排放效率的空间关联渐趋紧密,网络发育程度日益完善,但距理想状态仍有差距;② 各省区网络中心性指标分异性逐步减小,上海、北京、江苏等省区排名稳居前列,重庆、福建、内蒙古等省区排名波动上升,宁夏、青海、山西等省区排名相对滞后;③ 网络整体呈核心区由东部沿海向中部及西南地区持续扩展,而边缘区范围逐步收缩态势;④ 网络密度与旅游业碳排放效率呈正相关,与旅游业碳排放效率差异构成负相关关系,网络等级度和网络效率则与之相反,网络中心性各指标的提升均能显著增强旅游业碳排放效率。     

����ɽ�����ܱ��������봨Ms8.0�����«ɽMs7.0������ǰ�ĵؿ��α������Ա��о�

?????????????????????GPS??????????????“5.12”??Ms8.0?????“4.20”??7.0??????????????????????????α????????????????1??????????????????????????????“?????”???Σ?2????????Ms8.0???????????????????ε?????????????????????ε??????????????????????????????Ms7.0??????λ??????????“?????”???伷???????????????30 nanostrain/a??????????????????????????????????????60 nanostrain/a???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????α??????????????????????????     

Evaluation and improvement of wastewater treatment plant performance using BioWin

In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(Y H)) required calibration. The value 0.42 was used for Yp /acetic in this study,while the default value of the BioWin software is 0.49,making it comparable with the default values of the corresponding parameter(yield of phosphorus release to substrate uptake(YPO4)) used in ASM2,ASM2 d,and ASM3 P,respectively. Three scenarios were evaluated to improve the performance of the wastewater treatment plant,the possibility of wasting sludge from either the aeration tank or the secondary clarifier,the construction of a new oxidation ditch,and the construction of an equalization tank. The results suggest that construction of a new oxidation ditch or an equalization tank for the wastewater treatment plant is not necessary. However,sludge should be wasted from the aeration tank during wet weather to reduce the solids loading of the clarifiers and avoid effluent violations. Therefore,it is recommended that the design of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) should include flexibility to operate the plants in various modes. This is helpful in selection of the appropriate operating mode when necessary,resulting in substantial reductions in operating costs.     

暴雨致洪预报系统及其评估

该文研发了基于CREST V2.1分布式水文模型的暴雨致洪预报系统,应用中国气象局降水业务产品,开展全国0.125°×0.125°的逐日洪水预报和区域30"×30"的逐时洪水预报。其中,全国洪水预报以松花江、辽河、海河、黄河、淮河、长江、东南诸河、珠江、西南诸河和西北诸河十大水资源分区的典型流域为研究对象,区域洪水预报以淮河流域为研究对象。以模拟和观测流量之间的效率系数为目标函数,采用SCE-UA方法分别对全国和区域洪水预报模型的参数分流域进行率定。评估参数率定前后模型对效率系数、相关系数和相对偏差的改进程度,并对参数率定后的模型进行检验。结果表明:率定后的模型能够重现控制水文站的实测洪水过程,与率定前相比,效率系数和相对偏差有显著改进,相关系数有较大改进。系统符合业务需求,具有较好的预报精度和时效性,具备业务应用能力。     

Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay, South China

The spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The concentration of total OCPs in surface sediment range from 16.66 to 44.04ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 26.60ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant species. The ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDT reflected a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered DDTs. The predominant alpha-HCH and the alpha/beta-HCH ratios indicated that the technical HCH contamination was mainly due to historical usage, although there was fresh input of lindane. The variation profiles of concentrations showed that OCPs were extensively applied between the late 1950s and early 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend in concentrations of DDTs and HCHs was found in both cores. The increasing ratios of (DDE+DDD)/DDT with corresponding decreases of DDE/DDT ratio implied that most of the DDTs deposited after their production ban were more likely "weathered" DDTs derived from soil residues.     

Urban competitive pattern and its changes in China

Duringtheprocessofnationaleconomy'stransi-tion,thedeterminantpowerofeconomicdevelopmenthaschangedgraduallyfromcentralgovemmenttolocalgovemments.Cities,asthecenterofregionaleconomicdevelopment,notonlydeterminethecompetitivenessoftheregionbuthavebecomethemainimpetusforthechangesofmacroeconomicpatternasweIl.Sotaking2o9perfecture-levelcitiesasresearchsubjects,weanalyzethemacropatternofurbancompetitivenessandcomprehendtheinternalimpetusandmechanismofre-gionaldevelopment,whichhavegreatsignificanceon…     

局域Bjerhammar问题解算理论和断层位错引起的单层密度变化

为了利用大地测量数据解算地壳内部密度时变 ,并为研究地震孕育过程和地震前兆中物质密度时变信息提供理论依据 ,研究了局域 Bjerhammar球面单层密度时变问题的平面解算理论 ;给出了不同投影下 Bjerhammar球面单层密度时变及相关重力位场的严格解式 ;导出了局域 Bjerhammar问题解算理论的使用条件 ,即满足一定精度要求的门限 R和ψ0 的严格解析关系式 ;给出了不同 Bjerhammar平面上的 q*t 之间的关系式 ,并根据一般迭代解算 q*t 的收敛特性 ,提出了空间域的分步迭代算法和空间域、波数域 (二步 )混合算法 ,从理论上解决了解算局域单层密度时变的稳定问题 (当 R较小或 H较大时 )。然后以此为基础 ,研究了位错引起的单层密度变化 ,并给出了不同点位错、断层位错类型引起的单层密度变化的解析表达式和断层位错在不同深度或不同 Bjerhammar球上引起的单层密度变化图像。     

神农架断块西缘北北西向板桥断裂带新活动调查研究

北北西向上地壳板桥断裂带位于神农架三角形穹状断块西缘 ,长达 50 km,走向330°,倾向南西 ,倾角 45°～ 85°,具有左旋走滑的新构造运动特征 ,发育宽大的新构造强变形带和断层破碎带 ,切割第四纪断层堆积。其灰黑色断层岩粉年代鉴定值为1 4 C 2 970 0± 60 0 a和 1 890 0± 660a,显示了晚更新世末期的断层新活动。分段性研究将其评定为 6级潜在震源区。     

全球环境大气输送模式(GEATM)的建立及其验证

初步建立了以二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶等作为主要研究对象的全球环境大气输送模式(Global Environmental Atmospheric Transport Model,GEATM),其水平分辨率为1°×1°,垂直方向分为20层,采用地形追随坐标系,考虑了上述大气化学成分的地面源排放、平流与扩散、化学转化以及干沉降、湿清除等过程.利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料作为驱动气象场,对2004年进行长期模拟,分析了二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳、沙尘气溶胶的浓度分布和输送态势.与观测的比较表明,模式对于大气化学成分分布状况具有较强的模拟能力,在欧洲的Jarczew和Leba观测站,二氧化硫日平均浓度的相关系数分别达到了0.69和0.66;在中国,有47个站点的二氧化硫日平均浓度相关系数高于0.50,其中北京、天津、上海等28个站点的浓度相关系数达到了0.60以上.同时,模拟的沙尘气溶胶总体柱浓度分布状况与卫星观测输出的气溶胶光学厚度具有很好的一致性,体现了气溶胶粒子的输送态势和分布特征.模拟结果显示二氧化硫、硫酸盐、黑碳的浓度高值区主要位于污染排放较大的欧洲、东亚和北美地区,二氧化硫地面最大年均浓度值为1500×10-12,硫酸盐为500×10-12,黑碳气溶胶为1000ng/m3.沙尘浓度与下垫面土壤类型以及地面气象条件关系密切,全球沙尘浓度主要分布在撒哈拉沙漠、阿拉伯半岛、中亚地区、澳大利亚西部以及拉丁美洲南部地区,并且呈现了较为显著的季节变化特征,撒哈拉沙漠输送最强时期是在6～8月,影响范围覆盖了整个赤道大西洋,最西端伸展到了北美的加勒比海地区;阿拉伯半岛沙尘输送最强时期是3～8月,影响范围包括阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区;亚洲在3～5月有非常强烈的沙尘东传过程,浓度输送带一直贯穿了整个北太平洋地区.