Advances in research of the mid-deep South China Sea circulation

The South China Sea(SCS) is a large marginal sea connecting the Indian and Pacific oceans.Under the factors of monsoons,strait transport,and varied bathymetry,the SCS presents a three-layer structure and strong diapycnal mixing which is far greater than that in the open ocean.Theoretical analysis and observations reveal that internal tides,internal solitary waves,and strong winds are the sources of the strong mixing in the northern SCS.A major consequence of the strong mixing is an active mid-deep circulation system.This system promotes exchange of water between the SCS and adjacent oceans,and also regulates the upper layer of wind-driven circulation,making the 3 dimensional SCS circulation clearly different from that in other tropical and subtropical marginal seas.The mass transport capacity of the mid-deep circulation has a substantial impact on marine sedimentation,the biogeochemical cycle,and other processes in the SCS.This paper summarizes the recent advances in middeep sea circulation dynamics of the SCS,and discusses the opportunities and challenges in this area.     

山东省场地类别分布及地震动峰值加速度区划调整

首先,本文搜集了山东省5220个建设工程场地的资料,引入"分布区"的概念,统计分析了山东省场地类别的区域分布并进行了分区。然后,根据《中国地震动参数区划图（GB18306-2015）》中的山东省地震动峰值加速度区划以及Ⅲ类场地调整系数,对山东省Ⅲ类场地分布区的地震动峰值加速度区划进行了调整,得到了考虑场地类别分区的山东省地震动峰值加速度区划图,增进了对山东省地震灾害风险空间分布的认识。结果表明,山东省场地类别分布与地貌分区有很强的相关性,Ⅰ-Ⅱ类场地分布区包括鲁中南山地丘陵区（西南部的山间平原地带除外）以及鲁东丘陵区,Ⅲ类场地分布区包括鲁西北-鲁西南平原区和鲁中南山地丘陵区西南部山间平原地带。Ⅰ-Ⅱ类场地分布区约占全省陆地面积的59.5%,Ⅰ-Ⅱ类场地分布区与Ⅲ类场地分布区的面积比例约为1.47。地震动峰值加速度区划图经过调整后,Ⅶ度及以上设防区域占全省陆地面积的比例由79%提高到90%,10个地级市的峰值加速度有提高。     

Evaluation and improvement of wastewater treatment plant performance using BioWin

In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(Y H)) required calibration. The value 0.42 was used for Yp /acetic in this study,while the default value of the BioWin software is 0.49,making it comparable with the default values of the corresponding parameter(yield of phosphorus release to substrate uptake(YPO4)) used in ASM2,ASM2 d,and ASM3 P,respectively. Three scenarios were evaluated to improve the performance of the wastewater treatment plant,the possibility of wasting sludge from either the aeration tank or the secondary clarifier,the construction of a new oxidation ditch,and the construction of an equalization tank. The results suggest that construction of a new oxidation ditch or an equalization tank for the wastewater treatment plant is not necessary. However,sludge should be wasted from the aeration tank during wet weather to reduce the solids loading of the clarifiers and avoid effluent violations. Therefore,it is recommended that the design of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) should include flexibility to operate the plants in various modes. This is helpful in selection of the appropriate operating mode when necessary,resulting in substantial reductions in operating costs.     

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射线交点法在煤矿地测信息系统绘制任意切剖面时的应用

将点在多边形内的检测常用算法———射线交点法,应用到封闭区域钻孔的搜索中,并对任意切剖面时钻孔的搜索技术进行了深入的探讨。      

煤层底板隔水层阻抗高压水侵入机理及其控制因素

通过专门设计的物理模型,模拟了不同水文地质与工程地质性质的阻水岩层对其底板高压水侵入过程的阻抗能力,以及不同水压条件下高压水侵入导升过程中的水头损耗。得出了高压水在侵入导升带内的水头损耗分布特点及数量特征;研究了高压水在其上覆阻水岩层中的侵入高度及其最终驻点的残余水头压力;重新评价和改进了突水系数的计算方法。结果表明:隔水层的原始导高带对含水层水头具有较大的消减作用,作用于有效隔水层的实际水头压力远小于含水层的水头压力。      

基于北斗卫星导航系统的海洋环境监测系统

为提高我国海洋环境监测技术水平,保障海洋环境信息安全,文章基于我国自主研发的北斗卫星导航系统,设计海洋环境监测系统。研究结果表明:基于北斗卫星导航系统的海洋环境监测系统包括北斗海洋环境监测终端和海洋信息综合服务平台2个部分,具有实时定位、实时监测、数据处理、信息预警、电子围栏、数据总览和用户管理7项功能;终端集成微控制单元和传感器等模块,平台包括服务器等硬件和数据处理等软件;经实地部署和严格测试,系统功能和性能均达到设计要求,且安全、稳定、方便和实用。     

基于无人机遥感的古银叶树群落健康快速诊断

采用无人机低空遥感与地面调查相结合的方法对邻海陆地、远海陆地和盐生沼泽生境的古银叶树群落健康进行评价,利用冠层高度、林窗特征、光合有效辐射截面比、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、氮素反射指数（NRI）、黄色波段指数（YI）以及森林健康指数（FHI）等遥感指标指征古银叶树群落的健康状况。空-地结合的调查结果表明：1）盐生沼泽生境的古树由于树龄高,其树洞大且数量多,生境内生物多样性最低,邻海陆地生境的生物多样性最高。2）盐生沼泽生境的冠层高度最低;林窗面积最大,数量最少,形状复杂度最低;光合有效辐射截面比最小。以上指标在邻海陆地和远海陆地间差异不明显。NDVI、NRI、YI以及FHI的数值均表现出盐生沼泽小于远海陆地和邻海陆地的趋势,而在远海陆地和邻海陆地间的差异较小。3）无人机遥感的评价结果与地面调查结果契合度较高,客观地反映了不同生境古银叶树的健康状态。基于无人机遥感的评价体系在针对具体植物群落修改完善后,可以作为一种快速、无损和定量化的古树群落健康诊断方法。     

汶川地震同震形变场对川滇地区主要活动断裂地震发生趋势的影响

以所建立的川滇地区主要活动块体及其周边断裂带的模型和前期利用GPS及水准资料反演所得到的断裂带长期运动速率作为基础,将汶川地震引起的同震错动量加入到三维断裂几何模型中,计算出汶川地震大范围的同震形变场,然后基于该同震形变场和活动断裂三维几何模型反演了各条断裂对该同震形变场的反映,并通过与各断裂带长期运动速率对比,得到了汶川地震对川滇地区各主要活动断裂带发震趋势的影响．结果表明,在汶川地震引起的同震形变场作用下,在川滇交界东部地区,龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性提前了305a,鲜水河断裂带南东段大致提前了19a,安宁河断裂带和则木河断裂带分别提前了21a和12a,大凉山断裂带北段和南段分别提前了9.1a和18a,马边断裂带的地震危险性则提前了51a;对川滇交界西部的丽江——小金河断裂带南西段、怒江断裂带、龙陵——澜沧断裂带、南汀河断裂带、中甸断裂带等断裂带地震的能量积累也有促进作用;相反在鲜水河断裂带北西段、小江断裂带等历史地震频发的断裂带上,地震危险性具有一定的减速作用．