隐伏矿体的预测理论、探测方法及发展现状

隐伏矿体的预测理论与方法已成为当前成矿学和矿产勘查学研究的重点。隐伏矿体预测常用的理论有相似类比理论、矿床模式和模型理论、地质异常导致矿理论、成矿系列和成矿系统理论等;隐伏矿体预测研究的进展主要反映在矿床(产)定量预测理论日益完善,研究方法层出不穷并不断改进,多种找矿信息的综合运用,三维空间成矿预测工作的开展,基于GIS的成矿预测方法广泛应用,创立了一批新的深部成矿理论等方面。在研究中将物探、化探和遥感等技术方法与地质,钻探综合运用和恰当配合,形成现代找矿的基本手段。     

A preliminary experience in the use of Chang’E-1 IIM data

The Interference Imaging Spectrometer (IIM) onboard the first lunar satellite of China, Chang’E-1, has acquired 84% of the area between south and north latitude 70°. To contribute to its usability, this paper presents our preliminary experience in the use of IIM data. Firstly, we provide one practicable method for the on-orbit correction of the inhomogeneity of sensor response. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the spectral range of IIM does not cover the absorption peak of the mafic mineral completely, we explore a method to approximate the absorption band center for IIM data. A strong correlation between the absorption band center and the wavelength at which the first derivative equals to 0 (i.e., stagnation point) was revealed. Based on the corrected data and the correlation, the absorption band center of several large craters was mapped. The distribution of rocks and minerals shown in the map of absorption band center for Aristarchus and Copernicus is in agreement with previous studies but with much finer structure. Horizontal and vertical lithologic diversity was detected in Zucchius crater. This paper demonstrates the potential of IIM data for the identification of lunar rocks due to its high spatial and spectral resolution. In a future study we will produce a global map of the absorption band center with greater accuracy and it is expected that this global map will provide complementary information for other hyperspectral data such as SP on KAGUYA or M³ on Chandrayaan-1.     

Effects of magnetic coupling on radiation from accretion disc around a Kerr black hole

The effects of magnetic coupling (MC) process on the inner edge of the disc are discussed in detail. It is shown that the inner edge can deviate from the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) due to the magnetic transfer of energy and angular momentum between a Kerr black hole (BH) and its surrounding accretion disc. It turns out that the inner edge could move inwards and outwards for the BH spin a _* being greater and less than 0.3594, respectively. The MC effects on disc radiation are discussed based on the displaced inner edge. A very steep emissivity can be provided by the MC process, which is consistent with the observation of MCG-6-30-15. In addition, the BH spins of GRO J1655−40 and GRS 1915+105 are detected by X-ray continuum fitting based on this model.     

地下水数值模拟过程中的误差分析

分析了从模型建立到输出过程中的误差来源,得出概念模型误差来源极大依靠资料的详实程度,三维的数学模型仿真程度最高,数值模型是将数学模型的精确解转化为近似解的过程,存在着不可避免的截断误差,模型构建过程中由于剖分尺度的不同而产生误差的程度不同,模型输入过程中定解条件和各项参数的选取较大影响了模型的输出精度。     

西藏古格王国遗址洞窟变形破坏模式、机制及加固对策

在现场调查统计、工程地质勘察和室内试验的基础上,分析了西藏古格王国遗址的工程地质条件和围岩特性.通过调查统计和理论分析,将开挖于遗址边坡内的洞窟的变形破坏模式分为洞顶破坏型、洞口破坏型、洞壁破坏型、洞底破坏型和人为破坏型等5大类11种型式,以洞顶破坏和洞壁破坏最为常见.进一步提出了引起其变形破坏的结构型、水理型、应力型...     

Modelling snowpack surface temperature in the Canadian Prairies using simplified heat flow models

Three practical schemes for computing the snow surface temperature T_s, i.e. the force–restore method (FRM), the surface conductance method (SCM), and the Kondo and Yamazaki method (KYM), were assessed with respect to T_s retrieved from cloud‐free, NOAA‐AVHRR satellite data for three land‐cover types of the Paddle River basin of central Alberta. In terms of R², the mean T_s, the t‐test and F‐test, the FRM generally simulated more accurate T_s than the SCM and KYM. The bias in simulated T_s is usually within several degrees Celsius of the NOAA‐AVHRR T_s for both the calibration and validation periods, but larger errors are encountered occasionally, especially when T_s is substantially above 0 °C. Results show that the simulated T_s of the FRM is more consistent than that of the SCM, which in turn was more consistent than that of the KYM. This is partly because the FRM considers two aspects of heat conduction into snow, a stationary‐mean diurnal (sinusoidal) temperature variation at the surface coupled to a near steady‐state ground heat flux, whereas the SCM assumes a near steady‐state, simple heat conduction, and other simplifying assumptions, and the KYM does not balance the snowpack heat fluxes by assuming the snowpack having a vertical temperature profile that is linear. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STUDY ON BUSINESS POLLUTION AND ITS COUNTERMEASURES IN SHANGHAI

I.saclybaCKGROUNDThetermofbusinesspollutioninthispaperreferstothereverseeffectsontheenviro~entandhumanhealtharisingfromtheprocessesofprofitablecornnlercialactivities.Itmainlyincludesnoisepollution,oilsmokePOllution,heatPOllution,wastewaterpollutionfromrestaurantIplasticpackagepollutionandlightPOllution.Duringtheprocessofindustrialrestructuringandtheeconomicdevelopment,theproportionofthetertiaryindustryinShanghai'sgrossdomesticproduction(GDP)rosefrom30.8%in1990to40.1%in1995.Inthefollowi…     

2021年青海玛多MS7.4地震对周围地区的应力影响

为了探讨 2021 年青海玛多MS7.4地震对后续地震的影响,基于 2021 年青海玛多MS7.4 地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,本文计算了该地震在震中附近主要断层面上产生的同震库仑应力变化,结果表明库仑破裂应力加载区主要集中在东昆仑断裂东段西部、玛多—甘德断裂中段、昆仑山口—江错断裂西段,而库仑破裂应力影区主要集中在东昆仑断裂中段东部、昆仑山口—江错断裂东段、玛多—甘德断裂西段、达日断裂.其次,本文计算了该地震对周围地区造成的水平面应力变化及位移场.位移场的水平分量表明震中西南和东北两侧物质向震中汇聚,而震中东南和西北两侧物质向外流出,从位移场的垂直分量来看,震中西南和东北两侧表现出明显的隆升,而在震中东南和西北两侧表现出明显的沉降.水平面应力在震中的北东-南西两侧(东昆仑—柴达木断块东侧和巴颜喀拉断块西侧)增加(拉张),而在震中的北西-南东两侧(东昆仑—柴达木断块西部和巴颜喀拉断块东部)降低(压缩),在昆仑山口—江错断裂段附近,水平面最小主应力近 NW向,水平面最大主应力近 SW向,在一定程度上抵消了该区域构造应力场(SW向挤压,NW向拉张),结合位移场说明该次地震是在构造应力场作用下的一次正常应力释放.从整体来看,水平面最小主应力和水平面最大主应力的方向分布类似于磁场线的分布,并且两者互相垂直.     

基于指数图像的城镇建设用地信息识别与提取——以岳阳市为例

以岳阳市Landsat ETM+影像为信息源,分析了典型地物的光谱特征及可分性,将地物种类归并为建设用地、植被、水体三大类,分别选用归一化裸露指数( NDBI)、重归一植被指数(RDVI)和改进的归一化水体指数(修改后的NDWI)作为三种地类的指示因子,通过阈值分割、掩膜处理去除了非建设用地区域的噪音信息,得到了比较准...