Spatial Variability of Nitrate and Ammonium in Pleistocene Aquifer of Central Yangtze River Basin

It becomes increasingly important and challenging for nitrogen pollution prevention to identify key controls for spatial variability of nitrogen in groundwater that could be affected by multiple factors, including anthropogenic input, groundwater flow, and local geochemistry. This study characterized spatial variability of both nitrate and ammonium in the Pleistocene aquifer of central Yangtze River Basin and assessed the effect of various factors in controlling nitrate and ammonium levels based on multiple statistical approaches (correlation, geostatistics, multiple liner regression). The results indicate that nitrate is mostly influenced by Cl⁻ that represents anthropogenic input, while Eh representing local redox state is a secondary variable influencing nitrate concentrations. The groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with higher-permeability near-surface sediments which can facilitate more anthropogenic nitrate transport and less nitrate removal owing to more oxidized state. Ammonium is mostly correlated to Eh, followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but only DOC improves significantly the accuracy of co-kriging prediction model. The groundwater with elevated ammonium concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with more organic-rich sediments within or around the aquifer which can facilitate more ammonium release owing to natural organic matter consumption accompanying strong reducing conditions. The regional groundwater flow is not a factor significantly controlling nitrate or ammonium levels owing to flat topography and sluggish lateral flow.     

EMC design for actuators in the FAST reflector

An active reflector is one of the three main innovations incorporated in the Five-hundredmeter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).The deformation of such a huge spherically shaped reflector into different transient parabolic shapes is achieved by using 2225 hydraulic actuators which change the position of the 2225 nodes through the connected down tied cables.For each different tracking process of the telescope,more than 1/3 of these 2225 actuators must be in operation to tune the parabolic aperture accurately and meet the surface error restriction.This means that some of these actuators are inevitably located within the main beam of the receiver,and Electromagnetic Interference(EMI)from the actuators must be mitigated to ensure the scientific output of the telescope.Based on the threshold level of interference detrimental to radio astronomy described in ITU-R Recommendation RA.769 and EMI measurements,the shielding efficiency(SE)requirement for each actuator is set to be 80 d B in the frequency range from 70 MHz to 3 GHz.Therefore,Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC)was taken into account in the actuator design by measures such as power line filters,optical fibers,shielding enclosures and other structural measures.In 2015,all the actuators had been installed at the FAST site.Till now,no apparent EMI from the actuators has been detected by the receiver,which demonstrates the effectiveness of these EMC measures.     

基于双树复小波的变形监测数据去噪分析

将双树复小波引入到变形监测数据去噪中,从信号分解、去噪过程和去噪质量3个方面综合评价其可行性和有效性。理论分析和算例表明,信噪分离的质量会对阈值估计、阈值去噪和信号重构产生较大影响,信噪分离较好的信号能在一定程度上削弱阈值函数存在的缺陷;双树复小波的分解效果优于传统离散小波,能较好地表现出细节部分的频率信息,使变形信号的周期性变化特征更为明显,可以应用于变形监测数据分析。     

琼东南盆地深水区L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田形成条件及成藏模式

近期在琼东南盆地超深水区发现了L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田,但在聚气背景、烃源岩、储层沉积成因及天然气输导体系等气田形成条件和成藏模式认识存在争议。通过对该气田形成条件的综合分析,认为上新世轴向古洼槽内地层圈闭、陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩、上新统限制型重力流砂岩储层和渐新统-中新统断裂垂向沟源通道是形成上新统地层圈闭气田的4个基本条件。中中新世以来盆地中央继承性发育轴向古洼槽和限制型重力流沉积,随着后期地层沉积迁移、差异压实作用,上新统莺歌海组砂岩顶面在轴向洼槽内起伏,并被周边泥岩封盖、封堵,形成了地层圈闭;约3.4 Ma BP,陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩生成了成熟天然气,沿渐新统-中新统断裂向上运移到上新统莺歌海组重力流沉积砂岩中,再侧向运移至地层圈闭中聚集成藏,具有"烃源岩、圈闭、断裂+砂岩输导层"三要素控藏的上新统地层圈闭成藏模式。     

River-dominated and tide-influenced shelf-edge delta systems: Coarse-grained deltas straddling the Early–Middle Jurassic shelf–slope break and transforming downslope,Lajas–Los Molles formations,Neuquén Basin,Argentina

The three-dimensional facies and architecture variability of shelf-edge deltaic units cropping out at the transition between the Lower–Middle Jurassic Lajas and Los Molles formations of southern Neuquén Basin, Argentina, is presented here, as well as their stratigraphic relationship to uppermost deep-water slope channel systems. Deep-water, slope mudstones with thin turbidite beds merge upward with prodelta mudstones and thin sandstones, which are truncated by delta-front to mouth-bar sandstones. The latter sandstones are then downcut by large-scale, trough cross-stratified coarse-grained sandstones and conglomerates of distributary channel systems and along-strike, amalgamated with cross-bedded sandy units showing evidence of tidal reworking. Proximal–distal facies and architecture variability within a shelf-edge deltaic succession demonstrates that distributary channel-complexes become wider and deeper basinward, forming channelized river-dominated distributary fairways separated by tidally reworked inter-distributary sand belts at the shelf edge. Evidence from depositional-dip oriented outcrops shows a lack of collapsed and slumped strata at the shelf edge, and that the coarse shelf-edge distributary channel fills continue far down the deepwater slope, and conglomerates transform to become high-density turbidites to mainly thick-bedded, sand-matrix-supported debrites. The interplay between flood tides and river currents is interpreted to have primarily modulated the focusing of river drainages, and consequently coarse-grained sediment transport, along preferential routes on the outer-shelf to shelf-edge and down onto the slope. This contribution documents a unique example of coarse-grained (mostly conglomeratic) shelf-edge delta systems, tying bed-scale facies and architecture data to a seismic-scale shelf-margin morphology, thus providing outcrop analogue data for the characterization of shelf-edge delta systems in the subsurface.     

不同树种叶片养分含量提取的高光谱方法及精度评价

以深圳市坝光银叶园和大鹏半岛自然保护区19种湿地森林树种叶片可见光近红外光谱与全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）、全磷（Total Phosphorus, TP）、全钾（Total Potassium, TK）含量关系为基础,分析了11种光谱预处理方式、3种光谱数据降维方式和2种建模方法对模型精度的影响。结果表明,标准正态变换（Standard Normal Variate, SNV）结合一阶导数（first derivative, 1 ^st）预处理方式下模型精度最高;主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）降维处理对模型的降维效果最好;支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression, SVR）的建模效果精度最高。对于TN、TP、TK最佳模型的预测确定系数均在0.80以上,模型RPD值也在2.0以上,SVR模型可以用于树种叶片TN、TP、TK的快速检测。     

GPS技术在山东省大地测量中的应用

全球定位系统(Global Positioning System-GPS)是美国国防部于20世纪70年代初开始设计、研制并于1993年底建成的军民两用卫星导航定位系统.它的建立不仅使导航技术和定位技术产生了根本变革,且对空间技术、军事、地学研究、交通运输等诸多领域及社会生活的各个方面都产生了重大影响.GPS技术在测量领域中的应用,使平面控制测量手段进入到一个崭新的时代.     

深圳湾海域多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)生物累积及其高分辨沉积记录

深圳湾,毗邻香港,是深圳经济特区的重要经济发展和生态调节区域。为了更好地了解该湾多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的生物累积规律及其污染历史,作者采集该海域19个鱼、2个虾、2个蟹和柱状沉积物样品,分析其中PBDE的组分与含量,以及生物体的δ^15N同位素、总脂含量和柱状沉积物的沉积年龄（^210pb）、总有机碳（TOC）。结果表明,深圳湾海域鱼类∑15 PBDEs组分的残余量为21—167ng／g lw（或0．17—4．16ng／g fw）,平均为（67±42）ng／g lw或（2．00±1．14）ng／g fw,其含量与生物体的δ^15N同位素和脂含量正相关,BDE-47、BDE-100为生物体中PBDE最优势组分且在所有生物样品中均检出,分别占46．5％、13．5％,肉食性的鱼类较植食性的鱼类PBDEs的生物累积总体上较高。柱状沉积物中∑22 PBDEs含量（0．07—4．85ng／g dw）近二十几年来有明显的上升趋势,平均沉积通量为0．25ng／（cm^2·a）,丰度最高的PBDE组分为BDE-47、BDE-49、BDE-99、BDE-183（不包括BDE-209）;PBDEs在生物体和柱状沉积物中的含量位于全球PBDEs含量的中低端范围;鱼类等生物体中PBDE的生物-沉积物累积比值（BSAF）比值（〈0．8）较小,与相应的PBDE的log Kow（辛醇／水分配比）存在一定的正相关性。     

平邑盆地古近纪官庄群沉积建造与膏岩富集规律

平邑盆地是蒙山断裂多期次活动的产物,盆地内沉积了厚约1700多米的新生代古近纪官庄群杂色-红色碎屑岩建造。将官庄群沉积建造、剖面类型,结合含膏岩系的沉积特点,可以划分为3个不同级别的沉积韵律,它们分别反映出含膏岩系在时间和空间上的变化趋势。蒙山断裂及盆地内次级断裂的阶段性活动,使盆地表现为升降运动,下降时成矿物质聚集、保存,相对稳定期是膏岩形成的有利期。     

基于非稳态调和分析和长短时记忆神经网络的河口潮位短期预报混合模型

河口潮汐过程受上游径流、外海潮波等因素影响,动力机制复杂,潮位预报难度大。本文提出了一种基于非稳态调和分析（NS＿TIDE）和长短时记忆（LSTM）神经网络的混合模型,对河口潮位进行12～48 h短期预报。该模型首先对河口实测潮汐数据进行非稳态调和分析,通过与实测资料对比得到分析误差的时序序列,并以此作为LSTM神经网络的输入数据,通过网络学习并预测未来12～48 h潮位预报误差,据此对NS＿TIDE的预测结果进行实时校正。利用该模型对2020年长江口潮位过程进行了预报检验,结果表明混合模型12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h短期水位预报的均方根误差（RMSE）相比NS＿TIDE模型至多分别降低了0.16 m、0.15 m、0.14 m和0.12 m;针对2020年南京站最高水位预测,NS＿TIDE模型预报误差为0.64 m,而混合模型预报误差仅为0.10 m。