Contaminant Spill in a Sandbox with Non-Gaussian Conductivities: Simultaneous Identification by the Restart Normal-Score Ensemble Kalman Filter

Mathematical Geosciences - The joint identification of the parameters defining a contaminant source and the heterogeneous distribution of the hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer where the...     

黔北凤冈二区块下志留统石牛栏组储层特征研究

黔北凤冈二区块石牛栏组广泛发育台地边缘浅滩相沉积,生物礁灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩为储层发育的有利层段。文章通过扫描电镜、薄片观察、孔渗和压汞实验,发现研究区内储层虽然有孔隙不发育,孔隙度和渗透率较低,孔隙的分选性较差,孔喉较粗等特点,但其构造裂缝较为发育,裂缝孔隙度较高,使其具备有形成裂缝型油气藏的条件;对储层的影响因素和勘探前景进行的分析表明：在黔北地区的石牛栏组裂缝较为发育,构造保存条件和烃源岩层发育较好的地段具备形成天然气藏的条件,且以凤冈残留向斜为石牛栏组储层勘探的有利部位。     

Hydrological modeling of storm runoff and snowmelt in Taunton River Basin by applications of HEC-HMS and PRMS models

Reliable predictions of storm runoff from rainfall and snowmelt are important for flood hazard mitigation and resilience. In this study, the HEC-HMS and PRMS hydrological models have been applied to simulate storm runoff in Taunton River Basin for the storm event in 2010 when maximum rainfall intensity reached approximate 5 in/day in March, and the snowfall reached about 11 inches in December. Model parameters were calibrated, and model performance was evaluated by comparing model-simulated daily stream flow with observations. For the rainstorm period during March–April, results indicate that both HEC-HMS and PRMS provide very good predictions of rainfall runoff with the correlation values above 0.95, and PRMS produces lower root-mean-square errors than those from HEC-HMS. Over the 12-month period including the snowfall in December, the time series of flow by PRMS match better with observations than those from the HEC-HMS. The 12-month overall correlation values for HEC-HMS and PRMS are 0.91 and 0.97 at Bridgewater Station, and 0.89 and 0.97 at Threemile Station, respectively. For an extreme storm scenario of the maximum historical 36.7-inch snowfall in early February in combination with the rainstorm in March–April of 2010, model simulations indicate that the flow would substantially increase by about 50% or more. Comparisons between HEC-HMS and RPMS models have been analyzed to provide references for storm runoff modeling.     

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿深部成矿潜力及找矿方向的航磁资料研究

攀枝花钒钛磁铁产出于侵入震旦系大理岩中的海西期辉长岩体,受断裂切割为朱家包包、兰家火山、尖包包、倒马坎等6个区段,累计探明铁矿石储量(A+B+C+D)67.29亿t,是我国重要的矿集区,重要矿段均开展了钻探工作。在航磁异常分析中,攀枝花航磁异常的原因没有得到完全的解释,说明还有一定的找矿潜力。本文以1∶5万航磁数据交互式反演为基础,部分由已完成的由钻孔控制的实测地质剖面资料为约束,结合物性参数和地质信息,对矿体空间分布进行反演,利用10条2.5D反演剖面模拟3D模型,估计了该矿区的深部成矿潜力,为下一步地质勘探提供依据。     

The performance of grass filter strips in controlling high‐concentration suspended sediment from overland flow under rainfall/non‐rainfall conditions

There is little information on the performance of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in filtering high‐concentration sediment from subcritical overland flow. Flume experiments on simulated grass strips were conducted using combinations of three slope gradients (3°, 9° and 15°), five 1‐m‐wide slope positions (from upslope to downslope), two flow rates (60 and 20 L min^‐1 m^‐1) and sediment concentrations of 100–300 kg m^‐3 under simulated rainfall and non‐rainfall conditions. The results showed that sediment deposition efficiency increased with VFS width as a power function. Rainfall significantly reduced sediment deposited within VFS. Higher sediment concentration corresponded to a larger sediment deposition load but reduced deposition efficiency. Flow rate had a negative effect on deposition efficiency but no effect on deposition load. Sediments were more easily deposited at the upper slope position than downslope, and the upper slope position had a higher percentage of coarse sediments. The deposited sediment had significantly greater median diameters (D₅₀) than the inflow sediment. A greater proportion of coarse sediments larger than 25 µm in diameter were deposited, and particles smaller than 1 µm and of 10–25 µm had a better deposition performance than particles of 1–10 µm. Rainfall reduced the deposited sediment D₅₀ at a slope gradient of 3° and had no significant influence on it at 9° or 15°. A higher sediment concentration led to a smaller D₅₀ of the deposited sediment. Rainfall had no significant effect on overland flow velocity. Both the deposited sediment load and D₅₀ decreased with increasing flow velocity, and flow velocity was the most sensitive factor impacting sediment deposition. The results from this study should be useful to control sediment flowing into rivers in areas with serious soil erosion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程进展与主要成果

为保护长江生态环境,近年来,中国地质调查局组织实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”。通过采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要成果和认识: ①初步构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务平台,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出相关建议; ②创新地将“光纤技术”应用于地面沉降和地裂缝监测,相关成果引领了光纤监测技术发展; ③编制了1:5万比例尺的环境地质调查技术标准和要求; ④创新形成了3个层次环境地质调查合作机制,探索建立了3种尺度资源环境承载能力评价方法体系和大流域环境地质工作模式; ⑤建立了江汉平原地球关键带监测网络,编制了平原区地球关键带调查技术方法指南; ⑥提出了长江流域重大水利工程与生态地质环境多元响应研究思路,创新构建了一套多模态传感器调查系统,提出了重大水利工程对地质环境影响新判断; ⑦建立了长江中下游不同沉积单元区第四纪地层多重划分对比序列,构建了重点地区第四系三维地质结构模型,提出了长江贯通时限和演化新认识; ⑧编制了流域、经济区和城市系列地质调查报告和图集,成果转化与服务成效显著。该工程进展及成果提升了长江经济带地质调查工作水平,可为区域国土空间规划、绿色生态廊道打造、立体交通走廊建设、产业转型升级、新型城镇化建设以及脱贫攻坚工作等提供科技支撑。     

Sr Isotope Geochemistry and Depositional Setting of Carbonate in Ordovician,Ordos Basin,China

正China is in severe shortage of potash reserves,and the best way for breakthrough is to make potash exploration in marine salt basins.Erdos basin is so far the only Ordovician potash basin in the world.The Erdos basin is located west     

长乐-南澳构造带燕山期(J-K)TTG岩石组合及其地质意义

长乐-南澳构造带火成岩类多年来备受国内外地学界关注和瞩目,但对其构造环境的认识却存在较大分歧.本文通过分析构造带燕山期(J-K)火成岩类的时空分布、岩石学特征及其TTG岩石组合等,讨论厘定构造带的构造性质与岩浆源区.据构造带花岗岩类岩石结构构造特征、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb与LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年,测年结果集中分布于200~191Ma、155~97Ma与84~69Ma三个区间,暗示构造带燕山期(J-K)岩浆活动可以划分为三个阶段:(1)早侏罗世(J₁),以片麻岩类与糜棱岩类为主;(2)晚侏罗世-早白垩世(J₃-K₁),片麻状花岗岩类占优势;(3)晚白垩世(K₂),出现大量的晶洞花岗岩类与脉岩类.采用O'Connor An-Ab-Or标准矿物分类方案识别TTG岩石组合获知,早侏罗世(J₁)与晚侏罗世-早白垩世(J₃-K₁)时,构造带存在TTG岩石组合;晚白垩世(K₂)时,构造带TTG岩石组合消失,发育典型的双峰式火成岩.TTG岩石组合以钙性(C)和中钾钙碱性(MKCA)为主,显示奥长花岗岩演化趋势(Tdj),具大陆边缘弧花岗岩(CAG)的特征,由此可推断长乐-南澳构造带燕山期(J-K)构造性质为主动大陆边缘弧.构造带发育两类成因机制的TTG岩石组合,分别来自不同的岩浆源区:具镁安山质(MA)性质的TTG岩浆来源于玄武质洋壳的脱水融熔,具正常安山质(A)性质的TTG岩浆来源于陆壳底部玄武质岩石的局部熔融.     

基于广域次声传感器网络的地震本地次声波监测

通过提出应用于广域次声传感器阵列的最小方差法信号源定位模型, 分析了阵列信号相关系数特征和本地次声波实时大气传播特性, 对阵列阵元数量、阵元组成结构引起的定位误差以及本地次声波的真实大气传播射线进行仿真, 并利用中国境内布置的广域次声传感器网络监测到了2013年4月20日四川芦山(雅安)地震的瑞利波激发的本地次声波, 验证了上述模型和仿真, 结合中国地震台网的国内的地震监测台站数据, 从信号走时、信号互相关系数、小波时频图、质点运动轨迹等方面进行了分析与对比, 并使用广域最小方差法搜索的算法对次声波和地震波进行定位, 结果显示: 各次声站点接收到由地震瑞利波引起次声站附近地表震动产生并垂直地表向上传播的次声波, 在地震瑞利波之后到达, 而且相关系数都达到0.6~0.9, 计算得到次声波源方位角为230°(以北京为原点), 距离震中小于150 km, 而且本地次声波受大气传播影响较小, 能够较容易的被广域次声阵列探测到, 因此地震本地次声波监测能够作为地震监测、研究地面起伏运动与大气波动关系的有效手段.