基于微机电的速度型地震传感器技术仿真

随着微机电技术的广泛应用,开发微型化的新型地震计成为发展趋势。本文分析了微机电速度型地震传感器的基本原理,根据实际需求,用multisim软件对微机电速度型地震传感器的加速度／速度积分电路的电路特性进行仿真,并提出了微机电速度型地震传感器的实现方法。     

地下水中铬的分离技术及其应用

提出了一种将地下水中的铬与其他基本离子分离的技术,用于固体离子源热电离质谱计(TIMS)测定铬同位素比值.利用铬的氧化态以阴离子形式存在的特点,采用阴离子交换色层分离法将Cr5 与干扰阳离子分离;利用铬的还原态以阳离子形式存在的特点,将Cr3 与硫酸根等干扰阴离子分离.该方法可以成功地应用于地下水中铬同位素信息的测定,在地下水铬污染研究中有着广阔的应用前景.     

全球第四次工业革命前景下的应用矿物学进展(2011-2020)

本文从冶金-工艺矿物学和矿物原料加工、新型工业矿物和岩石(宝石)、特种功能矿物材料、仿生矿物材料、生物矿物学、文化遗产和文物保护、矿物基固废处理与资源化利用、矿山及周边土壤污染修复8个领域综述了近十年应用矿物学研究进展,总结归纳了这些领域的相关重大进展,并提出了应用矿物学在第四次工业革命浪潮下的7个重要发展方向.     

基于支持向量机的浙江汛期旱涝预测方法研究

利用浙江省38个测站的降水量资料,得到了能够反映全省旱涝状况的指标,将其作为预报量,通过对前期大气环流场、海温场的相关分析,提取高相关因子,然后运用逐步回归和支持向量机回归技术分别建立浙江省汛期早涝短期气候预测模型,并进行了对比分析.结果表明:支持向量机回归模型集中了众多预报因子的预报信息.有效地利用了支持向量机方法的非线性映射能力,无论在历史样本拟合的精度上还是模型实际预测的能力上都比逐步回归模型有一定提高,有良好的应用前景.     

辽阳石洞沟水管倾斜短期异常分析

辽阳石洞沟DSQ型水管倾斜仪NS分量自2017年2月19日开始出现N倾短期加速、EW分量自2017年3月27日后出现E倾短期加速、NE分量在2017年4月5日后出现E倾短期加速异常变化。从仪器观测稳定性、降雨资料和周边干扰调查等方面对资料异常变化进行分析研究,排除人为干扰、降雨干扰、山洞附近环境干扰、仪器主机、数据采集器和放大器等问题,认定NS向为2017年2月19日更换N端防雷设备造成短期加速影响,而EW向和NE向为前兆异常,但由于仪器脚底螺丝生锈较为严重,导致该仪器的异常信度较低。     

Spatial Variability of Nitrate and Ammonium in Pleistocene Aquifer of Central Yangtze River Basin

It becomes increasingly important and challenging for nitrogen pollution prevention to identify key controls for spatial variability of nitrogen in groundwater that could be affected by multiple factors, including anthropogenic input, groundwater flow, and local geochemistry. This study characterized spatial variability of both nitrate and ammonium in the Pleistocene aquifer of central Yangtze River Basin and assessed the effect of various factors in controlling nitrate and ammonium levels based on multiple statistical approaches (correlation, geostatistics, multiple liner regression). The results indicate that nitrate is mostly influenced by Cl⁻ that represents anthropogenic input, while Eh representing local redox state is a secondary variable influencing nitrate concentrations. The groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with higher-permeability near-surface sediments which can facilitate more anthropogenic nitrate transport and less nitrate removal owing to more oxidized state. Ammonium is mostly correlated to Eh, followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but only DOC improves significantly the accuracy of co-kriging prediction model. The groundwater with elevated ammonium concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with more organic-rich sediments within or around the aquifer which can facilitate more ammonium release owing to natural organic matter consumption accompanying strong reducing conditions. The regional groundwater flow is not a factor significantly controlling nitrate or ammonium levels owing to flat topography and sluggish lateral flow.     

Hydrogeochemical Evolution of Interaction Between Surface Water and Groundwater Affected by Exploitation

Hydrogeochemical evolution of interactions between surface water and groundwater is crucial for guaranteeing water supply quality in a riverside water source area. This study focuses on the seasonal and spatial characteristics of hydrogeochemical evolution affected by groundwater exploitation in the Hulan water source area using hydrochemical analyses and stable isotope tracers. Results show that the concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS) increase considerably during the dry season. A bicarbonate water type is primarily produced by the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum, as well as the cation exchange and human activities. Along the typical infiltration path, the proportions of surface water increase with proximity to the river from 8%-63% during the wet season to 11%-84% during the dry season, which are attributed to an increased hydraulic gradient by exploitation. The typical path is classified into two zones. The first is the intensive mixing zone (within 1 km) with increasing concentrations of major ions and TDS due to mixing effect. The second is the exploitation influence zone (1-3.3 km) with increased concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄²⁻, and HCO₃⁻ during the dry season due to two reasons of seasonal variations in evaporation, stronger water-rock interactions and mixing effects with increased surface water by exploitation.     

安徽升金湖越冬白头鹤（Grus monacha）肠道菌群组成的时间变化

肠道微生物对于维持动物消化道内环境的稳定具有重要意义,而肠道微生物菌群结构也受寄主食物成份等外界环境因素的影响.研究动物肠道微生物菌群结构可以更好地了解动物生活状况.以升金湖越冬白头鹤的粪便作为研究对象,以微生物16S rRNA的V3~V4区作为标记基因,进行高通量测序,分析升金湖越冬不同时期白头鹤肠道菌群结构的差异性.研究结果表明:升金湖越冬期不同时期白头鹤粪便样品中微生物多样性指数如香农威纳多样性指数和辛普森指数无显著性差异.但是越冬期不同阶段的粪便样品中菌群组成存在差异,主要包括:在门分类水平,越冬前期拟杆菌门含量较高,厚壁菌门含量较中后期低;越冬中期放线菌门含量较高;越冬后期变形菌门含量较高.在属分类水平,相对于其他两个时期,越冬前期普氏菌属(Prevotella)含量较高,越冬中期杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)含量较高,越冬后期梭菌属(Clostridium)含量较高,并且普氏菌属含量从越冬前期到中期、再到后期有明显的下降趋势,而梭菌属含量从越冬前期到中期、再到后期有明显的升高趋势.这些结果表明不同越冬时期白头鹤肠道菌群组成不同,越冬期不同阶段的食物变化可能作为一个影响因素.     

鸳鸯镇-凤凰山断裂的断层泥粒度分布与断层活动特征

本文研究断层泥的粒度分布与断层活动特征的关系。断层泥取自西秦岭北缘断裂带的鸳鸯镇-凤凰山断裂。根据分析结果得出该断裂的运动方式以粘滑为主,兼有蠕滑。文中还对该断裂的活动度进行了探讨。      

长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查

湖泊湿地是鸟类的重要栖息地,湖泊湿地鸟类是湖泊生态系统重要的监测生物,湖泊湿地鸟类多样性及其影响因素的研究对湿地管理具有重要意义.2011年7-8月,采用样线法对长江中下游安庆沿江7个湖泊湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查,以期为湖泊湿地资源管理提供依据.共记录到安庆沿江湖泊湿地鸟类14目35科82种,其中留鸟27种(占32.9%),夏候鸟37种(占45.1%);水鸟28种(占34.6%);肉食性、食虫和杂食性鸟类占多数,分别占30.5%、30.5%和23.2%;须浮鸥、夜鹭、丝光椋鸟、黑脸噪鹛、树麻雀、家燕等6种鸟类为优势种.物种数以黄大湖最高(50种),白荡湖和破罡湖最低(各28种);Shannon-Wiener指数以黄大湖最高(2.123),白荡湖最低(1.918);均匀度指数以龙感湖最高(0.865),菜子湖最低(0.739).进一步分析显示,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与湖泊面积呈显著正相关,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与干扰强度呈显著负相关.采取退田还湖、恢复湿地等途径增加湿地面积、生境类型和植被资源对于保护湖泊湿地的鸟类资源具有积极意义.