海-气耦合距平滤波模式的月、季数值预报

本文用海—气耦合三层距平滤波模式(AFM)作了1976—1977以及1982—1983两个EINino事件年冬季八个月预报个例实验。其结果表明,该模式成功地预报了大尺度月地表温度距平场,预报与实况的相关系数基本上都超过了惯性预报。与距平大气环流模式(AGCM)相比,两者的结果相差不大,但AFM可节省近一百倍的计算时间。与此同时,我们还作了季节预报试验,即提前三个月作月预报,完成了1977年2月、3月和1983年2月、3月四个试验例子。结果表明,用该模式作大尺度环流的季节异常预报的潜力是存在的。最后,结合本文的结果,我们把提出距平滤波模式以来近十年的工作作了小结,对模式的预报能力作了评价。     

Temporal variation of codaQ during Hualien earthquake of 1986 in eastern Taiwan

The May 20, 1986, Hualien earthquake sequence occurred on the northeastern coast of Taiwan. TheM=6.1 (GS mb) mainshock was followed by a large number of closely-clustered aftershocks with the largest being anM=5.5 event. One seismic station, TWD of the Taiwan Telemetered Seismographic Network, is located in the surface projection of the source region and provides excellent recordings of the entire earthquake sequence. These recordings, plus events occurring in the same source area preceding the mainshock, offer a unique opportunity to study the spatial and temporal variations of codaQ in a region of active subduction. A simple technique is devised that uses the envelope of the coda waveform to enable a quick determination of the codaQ from drum records. For recordings with a peak power at about 8 Hz, the following findings have been obtained: 1. The ambient codaQ near an active subduction region was as low as 145; 2. There was no significant decrease in codaQ within the period beginning one year and four months prior to the mainshock; 3. There was a significant drop of codaQ immediately after the mainshock; this drop lasted approximately two days before returning to the ambient level; 4. CodaQ values varied with focal depth.     

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Shennongjia Forest District at Songbai Town, Hubei

1IntroductionSongbaiTown—thecapitaloftheShengnongjiaforestdistrictisthecenteroflocalpolitics,eco nomicsandculture ,anditisalsoanimportanttourismbase.Butinrecentyears,thelocalinhabi tantsinthisareahavesufferedfromcalculusdiseaseoccasionallyandthediseaseseemstobeofmoreandmorefrequentoccurrence .Thisnotonlycausesmasspanicandinfluencesnormalworkandstudyofthelocalpeople ,butalsobringsaboutnegativeeffectsontouristindustryofthisareaandrestrictsthedevelopmentoflocaleconomy .Inordertounderstandthesta…     

模拟大地水准面应用于GPS水准内插的研究

采用移去-恢复技术和多面函数法对已知GPS水准数据进行了内插处理。试验结果表明．利用实际地球物理资料得到的模拟大地水准面精度最高。     

Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Soil and Stream Sediment in Panzhihua Mining and Smelting Area,Southwestern China

Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, Water body and stream sediment. An environmental geochemical investiga-tion was carried out in and around the Panzhihua mining and smelting area to determine the ex-tent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to in-vestigate the environmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil andsediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal con-centrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly contaminated. Geo-chemical maps of Igeo of each heavy metal show that the contaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of the selected elementscome mainly from dusts resultant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The areaneeds to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment.     

黄河流域空气污染的空间格局演化及影响因素

基于2008—2017年黄河流域工业SO₂和PM_2.5两类典型空气污染物数据,首先刻画了两者的空间演化格局,并运用空间面板杜宾模型（SPDM）从直接效应和间接效应两方面对两者的影响因素进行对比分析。结果表明：① 工业SO₂和PM_2.5污染均存在显著的空间集聚特征,从东南至西北方向呈现梯度递减趋势;二者在城市尺度均存在显著的正向空间关联性,但PM_2.5污染的空间关联性比工业SO₂更强;② 2008—2017年,工业SO₂和PM_2.5污染有所缓解,其中工业SO₂排放强度迅速下降;而PM_2.5质量浓度下降相对缓慢,仍是黄河流域主要的空气污染源。③ 产业结构、技术创新、能源效率、人口规模、经济发展、工业规模等是影响黄河流域空气污染的主要因素,但PM_2.5的影响因素更加复杂多样化。其中,技术创新能力和经济发展水平的提升虽然在研究期内加剧了本地工业SO₂污染的排放强度,但却能缓解周边城市的工业SO₂和PM_2.5污染;工业规模的扩大会加剧本地和邻近城市的PM_2.5污染。     

A GIS-Based Tool for Spatial and Distributed Hydrological Modelling: CLASS Spatial Analyst

CLASS Spatial Analyst is a GIS tool which can be used to support spatially distributed hydrological modelling. The tool generates a number of spatial layers that can be used for many practical applications. These include climate zoning, multi‐resolution DEMs, Compound Topographic Index (CTI) (also referred to as Topographic Wetness Index, TWI), lateral multiple flow paths, accumulation and dispersion of water and solutes from hazard areas, estimation of soil depth, soil material/horizon distribution and soil moisture storage capacity in different parts of the landscape. Although each of these tasks can be undertaken separately using spatial software packages such as ArcGIS, GRASS, TIME, and MapInfo, this tool puts together all these tasks into a single application which provides the user with an option of undertaking some or all of them within this application. The technology used in this tool is supported by various peer‐reviewed publications (e.g. Tarboton 1997 , Gallant and Dowling 2003 ).     

长三角地区众创空间的地理分布及影响机制

基于国家级众创空间认定分析长三角地区众创空间的发展阶段,运用最邻近指数法、核密度估计法刻画长三角地区众创空间的地理分布格局及其变动特征,运用地理探测器探究该地区众创空间地理格局的影响因素。研究显示：该地区众创空间的地理分布格局快速呈现出凝聚型特征;形成了以上海、杭州、南京为三核,以合肥都市圈、苏锡都市圈和宁波都市圈为集聚中心的空间格局;城市金融资本、开放程度、经济规模、信息化程度和创新活力5个因子影响作用最大,其次是城市科技创新投入、交通便捷度、政府支持力度、产业结构、科研实力、人口多样性、创业主体数量以及创新载体。     

CINRAD/SC雷达拼图报缺报原因分析

根据CINRAD/SC雷达拼图报生成、发送工作流程,分析了造成上传数据缺报、上传数据逾限和上传数据内容有误等情况产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

邹城市土山铁矿矿山地质环境影响评估及恢复治理措施

通过对地质环境背景及现状调查研究,结合矿山实际生产情况,从地质灾害、 含水层、地形地貌景观和土地资源等方面进行了矿山地质环境影响现状和预测评估。在此基础上对矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复进行分区,然后对重点防治区与次重点防治区的露天采坑、尾矿库、表土存储场、选矿厂等主要设施提出相应的治理恢复措施,以有效避免和减少因矿山开采产生的地质灾害,对全面恢复矿山生态环境具有一定指导意义。