曲阜市大雾天气的气候特征

利用曲阜市1971-2007年观测资料,对曲阜市区大雾天气发生的气候频率、生消时间、持续时间等主要特征及其相对湿度、温度差等相关要素进行了分析,表明曲阜市大雾天气以秋冬季、夜间的发生频率较高;大雾发生日气温日较差较小,前期降水有利于雾的产生;并指出城市热岛效应、气候变暖等因素是2000年后曲阜市大雾日数明显减少的主要原因。     

滑坡位移动态实时跟踪预测

在滑坡动态观测数据时序系统建模理论方法基础上 ,采用限定记忆最小二乘递推法 ,提出滑坡位移动态跟踪预测问题 ,介绍了该方法的基本原理及预测步骤 ,通过实例的综合研究进一步证明了该动态跟踪预测方法的可行性 ,并达到一定的预测精度 ,可以对一定条件下的滑坡变形位移作出超前动态预测     

A Study on the Forming Conditions of Basalts in Seamounts of the South China Sea

Volcanic rocks in seamounts of the South China Sea consist mainly of alkali basalt, tholeiitic basalt, trachyandesitic pumice, dacite, etc. Inclusions in the minerals of the volcanic rocks are mainly amorphous melt inclusions, which reflects that the volcanic rocks are characterized by submarine eruption and rapid cooling on the seafloor. Furthermore, fluid-melt inclusions have been discovered for the first time in alkali basalts and mantle-derived xenoliths. indicating a process of differentiation between magma and fluid in the course of mantle partial melting. Alkali basalts and inclusions may have been formed in this nonhomogeneous system. Rock-forming temperatures of four seamounts were estimated as follows: the Zhongnan seamount alkali basalt 1155 ∼ 1185 °C; the Xianbei seamount alkali basalt 960 ∼ 1200 °C; tholeiitic basalt 1040 ∼ 1230 °C; the Daimao seamount tholeiitic basalt 1245 ∼ 1280 °C; and the Jianfeng seamount trachyandestic pumice 880 ∼ 1140 °C. Equilibrium pressures of alkali basalts in the Zhongnan and Xianbei seamounts are 13.57 and 8.8 × 10⁸ Pa, respectively. Pyroxene equilibrium temperatures of mantle xenoliths from the Xianbei seamount were estimated at 1073 ∼ 1121 °C, and pressures at (15.58 ∼ 22.47)×10⁸Pa, suggesting a deep-source (e.g. the asthenosphere) for the alkali basalts. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangzhou Marine Geology Survey.     

青藏高原及其邻近地区的地球物理场特征与大陆板块构造

本文搜集了现在已知的关于青藏高原地区的各种地球物理场特征,即:该区的地壳与上地幔构造,地磁场要素的分布,航空磁测的结果,古地磁极移轨迹,重力异常与均衡补偿,地热活动与温泉分布,地震活动以及深地震探测等研究结果,来探讨它与大陆板块构造的关系。 研究的初步结果表明,印度洋板块与欧亚板块交接地带的北界为雅鲁藏布江,南界为恒河平原的北缘。喜马拉雅地带为这两大板块碰撞与挤压的过渡带,其宽度约300公里左右。这一地带的大、小地震绝大部分是浅源地震,只在弧形山系和东西弧顶及其转折部位有中源地震。在这一过渡带内水热活动剧烈,重力也不均衡。 雅鲁藏布江以北到当雄一带,地壳厚度为70-73公里,喜马拉雅地区则为68-45公里左右,并向南翘起。地壳由多层介质组成,在下地壳中存在着低速层。断层面解表现为向南逆冲,主压应力轴基本上为南北向和北东向,且与震源深度相关。现在构造活动与地震活动似均逐渐向南移到主边界大断层一带。 在雅鲁藏布江以北,小震震源深度向南递加,而在恒河平原以北,则向北递加。此外,在上述两个地区均有零星的中源地震发生。因此,喜马拉雅地带的南北两侧有相向“俯冲”之势。在兴都库什地区,中源地震震源面北倾;在帕米尔地带,中源地震震源面南倾。因此,震源面构成了“V”字     

结合混沌映射与遗传算法的高光谱影像降维分类方法

针对高光谱遥感影像分类研究中的波段降维问题,利用混沌映射的遍历性与初值敏感性提升遗传算法的全局寻优能力,提出一种基于混沌遗传寻优算法的高光谱影像分类波段选择方法.实验部分采用粤港澳大湾区欧比特高光谱影像对多个行政区进行了仿真分类实验,同时对比了主成分分析(PCA)等经典降维方法.实验结果表明,欧比特高光谱影像能够有效地区分出多种典型地物,而且引入混沌映射改进的遗传算法具有更强的全局寻优能力,基于所选波段子集得到的分类精度更高.     

Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material

The reflecting events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust are recognized from the wavefield characteristics of P- and S-wave for the 480km long wide-angle seismic profile between Peigu Tso and Pumoyong Tso. Then, seismic crustal structures of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson ratio under the nearly east-west profile in southern Tibet are interpreted by fitting the observed traveltimes with the calculated ones by forward modelling. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the crustal thickness varies remarkably in the east-west direction, showing a pattern that the crust could be divided into three parts bounded by the west of Dingri and the east of Dinggyê, respectively, where the depth of Moho is about 71km for the western part, about 76km for the middle and about 74km for the eastern. There is one lower velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 20–30 km. One of the distinct features is that the thickness of LVL abruptly thins from 24km on the west to 6km on the east. The other is that the velocity variation in the crust along east-west direction for both P- and S-wave displays a feature as quasi-periodic variation. The lower velocity (compared to the average value for the continent of the globe) in the lower crust and three sets of north-southward active normal faults are probably attributed to the coupling process of material delamination in the lower crust, crustal thicking and east-westward escape of the crustal material accompanied with the continental collision between India and Eurasia Plate.     

神农架松柏镇水文地球化学研究

近年来，神农架松柏镇居民的结石病时有发生．并有增长的势头。为了解地质环境尤其是饮用水对病患的影响，笔者现场对患病情况以及各种水源(包括河水、泉水、自来水)的来源、化学组成和放射性进行了调查，运用水质常规方法和原子吸收光谱分别测定了离子和微量元素。同时，与地质环境类似的木鱼镇进行了对比调查。研究结果显示，两地地表水、地下水的各种指标均未超出“生活饮用水水源水质卫生标准”。(CJ3020-93)，且松柏镇水体中的放射性(γ射线)低于木鱼镇，而居民的患病率却远高于木鱼镇，可见松柏镇的水环境与居民的结石病无直接关系。     

现代企业制度下内部审计职能新议

结合现代企业制度的特点，对现代企业制度下内部审计工作的认识、要求、建议和职能的发挥提出了看法和建议。     

螺杆钻具纠斜的关键技术

国内 外施 工高 垂 直度 钻孔 的 唯一 方法 就 是以 有效 防 斜为 基础 ,加 密 测斜 ,并 及时 纠 斜 。 实践 证 明 ,螺 杆钻 纠斜 是 最有 效的 纠 斜方 法。 作 者讨 论了 螺 杆钻 纠斜 的 几个 关键 技 术问 题。