北斗Ⅱ载波相位差分定位法在高填方变形监测中的应用

通过对北斗Ⅱ载波相位差分定位技术在高填方变形监测中的应用研究,包括实时动态差分定位(RTK)和静态相对定位,构建了完整的北斗Ⅱ高填方变形监测软硬件系统。该系统采用基于贯序极限学习机的卫星信号周跳探测与修复方法进行数据预处理,并利用基于卫星历元数的分层置信滤波算法对静态相对定位结果进行修正,提高了定位结果的准确性和可靠性。通过自制的精度测试装置,以百分表和钢尺测量的位移变化量为相对真值,完成了上述变形监测系统的精度试验。试验结果表明:该系统的RTK高程测量精度优于2 cm,静态高程测量精度优于2 mm,静态水平位移测量精度优于1.5 mm,可有效抑制卫星信号周跳和卫星历元数量较少等因素的影响。     

移动测量、地理信息更新与城市管理智能化

城市管理智能化的基础是互联网、地理信息平台和云计算平台。地理信息平台的灵魂,是其数据的现势性。城市地理信息快速更新,涉及理念、经费和技术,这3个要素构成了城市测绘的历史性挑战,也是城市推行智能化管理的现实性瓶颈。本文提出基于真彩激光点云,构建一种城市自然数字模型;基于车载移动测量、无人机航摄、手机拍照、高清视频监控及云计算平台等技术手段,形成城市自然数字模型快速更新的技术体系;以实时更新的城市自然数字模型,构建具有最优现势性的城市地理信息平台,即以此奠定城市管理智能化的数据基础。     

GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases considerations when jointly estimating GPS and GLONASS clock offset

GLONASS clock offset estimation is affected by the inter-channel biases (ICBs) caused by frequency division multiple access technique. The effect of ICBs on joint GPS/GLONASS clock offset estimation is analyzed. An efficient approach for joint estimation of GPS/GLONASS satellite clock offset is applied to the generation of 30-s clock offset products. During the estimation, the following three ICB handling strategies were tested: calculating ICBs for each GLONASS signal channel, calculating ICBs for each GLONASS satellite and neglecting ICBs. The behavior of ICBs under different strategies was statistically stable. Subsequently, the clock offset products using different ICB strategies were evaluated. The evaluation shows that consideration of the ICB is important when estimating the clock offset. Furthermore, estimating one ICB for each GLONASS satellite is better than estimating one for each GLONASS signal channel because, with the former strategy, the clock offset products behave more smoothly and have higher accuracy compared with products from the International GNSS Service Analysis Center. In addition, precise point positioning, using clock offsets based on one ICB for each GLONASS satellite, has the highest positioning accuracy.     

京、津、唐地区中元古代沉积型海泡石粘土矿床

京、津、唐地区沉积型海泡石粘土矿分布广泛。含矿岩系为蓟县系雾迷山组富镁碳酸盐岩,区域构造简单,岩浆活动微弱。研究成果表明:本区海泡石粘土矿矿点多,储量丰富,矿层厚度大,埋藏浅,易开采。矿石矿物组合简单,化学成分富镁钙低硅,物理-化学性能优良。经选矿试验海泡石粘土矿可选性良好,回收率高,成本低廉,开发前景可观。      

基于LiDAR数据的水域边界提取方法探讨

提出一种基于单个三角形最小外接圆来提取水域边界的方法,通过构建TIN、计算三角形最小外接圆半径、三角形面域合并、提取面域边界等步骤,实现了从LiDAR点云数据中对水域边界的快速提取.利用覆盖湖北省长江流域的LiDAR点云数据验证了方法的有效性,结果表明该方法能快速提取各种形状的水面区域边界,减小了后期DEM数据的人工编...     

An Evaluation on H/V Ratio vs. Spectral Ratio for Site-response Estimation Using the 1994 Northridge Earthquake Sequences

—The applicability of the single-station H/V method, based on the spectral ratio between the horizontal and the vertical components of strong ground motions, is examined for site-response estimation using the high quality data from the 1994 Northridge earthquake sequence. Instead of using Rayleigh-wave data from microtremors, the large amplitude-wave part of the S-wave data is used and based on the 1994 Northridge mainshock and aftershock recordings. We have found that upon averaging over a number of recordings for a given station, the station site responses, derived both from the single-station H/V ratio and from the standard spectral ratio (with respect to a reference rock-site station) are sufficiently close for practical purposes. We therefore conclude that the H/V ratio can reasonably predict the resonant frequency and the amplification level of a site response, especially for sites in the neighborhood of the epicenters. In the absence of a reference rock-site station, the H/V ratio provides a practical alternative to the standard site-response estimation.     

磨西-田湾剪切带氡异常及其对金矿化的指示

测氡方法是寻找深部隐伏矿的一种放射性地球物理方法.在川西田湾大发沟矿床,由于金矿化严格受剪切带和辉绿岩脉控制,且剪切带与辉绿岩脉密切伴生,因此,应用测氡方法寻找剪切带和辉绿岩脉可以达到间接找金矿的目的.     

NMC第二代中期数值预报系统误差的动力诊断

利用国家气象中心第二代中期数值预报模式计算了１月和７月的预报诊断量。计算结果表明,新一代模式在动力外强迫作用、辐射通量和对流参数化等物理过程方面的改进,使该模式的预报比第一代模式有了较大的改善,模式预报的系统误差明显减小。通过对角动量、热量和水汽的经向输送和收支平衡的分析,认为该模式在地形处理、陆面过程、云辐射和积云对流参数化等物理过程还有待进一步改进。     

新疆乌伦古湖大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落结构

乌伦古湖是我国十大内陆淡水湖之一,同时也是新疆维吾尔自治区的第二大湖泊和主要渔业基地.近年来,随着气候变化和人为因素的影响,湖区水体营养状况、生物群落组成等均发生了较大变化.为揭示该湖大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落结构特征及其对生态系统变化的响应,2006年11月至2008年7月设28个采样点对大型无脊椎底栖动物的群落结构特...     

宝昌地震台VP型宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪干扰因素分析

选取2014年、2016年5月、2017年1-9月宝昌地震台VP型宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪观测资料,针对观测山洞湿度、雷电、人为因素等干扰,与正常时段光滑、噪声低的正弦固体潮观测曲线进行对比分析,通过对干扰因素进行分析与排除,可提高形变观测资料质量,为准确识别震兆异常提供参考。