养分含量对土壤冻融特征曲线的影响

土壤冻融特征曲线是反映土壤冻融过程中的水、热、盐迁移规律以及冻土强度、冻土的热性质的重要参数. 为了研究土壤冻融过程中土壤养分的迁移规律, 采用核磁共振法对加入不同浓度的硫酸铵溶液、磷酸二氢钾溶液和氯化钾溶液的土样的冻融特征曲线进行了测定和分析. 结果表明磷酸二氢钾溶液对土壤的冻融特征曲线影响不明显, 氯化钾溶液的影响最明显, 硫酸铵溶液的影响次之. 加入氯化钾溶液的部分试样, 以及加入硫酸铵溶液的部分试样的冻融特征曲线出现了二次突变点. 滞后现象普遍存在于各个试样的冻融特征曲线中, 滞后明显区间所处的温度范围随所加入的溶液浓度的增高而降低. 当加入试样的溶液浓度相同时, 加入氯化钾溶液的滞后明显区间所处的温度范围最低, 加入硫酸铵溶液的次之, 加入磷酸二氢钾溶液的最高.     

Geochemical Trace of Silicon Isotopes of Intrusions and Ore Veins Related to Alkali-rich Porphyry Deposits in Western Yunnan, China

Western Yunnan is the well-known polymetallic province in China. It is characterized by copper-gold mineralization related to Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry. This paper analyzes the silicon isotope data obtained from four typical alkali-rich porphyry deposits based on the dynamic fractionation principle of silicon isotope. The study shows that the ore materials should originate mainly from alkali-rich magmas, together with silicon-rich mineralizing fluids. The process of mineralization was completed by auto-metasomatism, i.e. silicon-rich mineralizing fluids (including alkali-rich porphyry and wall-rock strata) replaced and altered the country rocks and contaminated with crustal rocks during the crystallization of alkali-rich magmas. Such a process is essentially the continuance of the metasomatism of mantle fluids in crust's mineralization. This provides important evidence of silicon isotopic geochemistry for better understanding the mineralization of the Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry polymetallic deposi     

A Discussion on the Two-stage Mineralization of the Baguamiao-Shuangwang Gold Orefield, Shaanxi Province, China

The gold orefield studied is located on the south border of the underthrust-collision zone of the Qinling microplate and the North China microplate in the Indosinian epoch. The main ore deposits localized in the area where the WNW-trending compression-shear type fault of the Indosinian epoch intersected the NE-trending tenso-shear type fault of the Yanshanian epoch. The orebody appeared in a chambered or wedged form. The mineral composition is relatively complex. On the southeastern border of the orefield there have developed intermediate-acid anatectic magmatites of the Mesozoic Era. Three-phase inclusions (Lco2, Vco2 and LNaCl-H2O) comprise over 50%, associated with vapor phase consisting of H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, N2 and H2. The ore-forming fluids can be divided into 2 stages (the early and the late). The samples are projected in the area of mixture of initial magmatic and meteoric water on the δD-δ18O diagram, suggesting two types of mineralization, i.e. the re-equilibrated magmatic-hydrothermal type an     

广西百色盆地古近系始新统沉积相特征及演化

利用野外露头、地震、测井和分析化验等资料,对盆地古近系始新统那读组和百岗组进行层序地层和沉积相研究。那读组和百岗组可划分为3个Ⅲ级层序,9个体系域,那读组那三段构成层序Ⅰ,那读组那二段和那一段构成层序Ⅱ,百岗组构成层序Ⅲ。层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ是盆地断陷期沉积,发育冲积扇相、河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、深湖亚相和滨-浅湖亚相。层序Ⅱ湖泊沉积范围广,厚度大,厚层的湖相暗色泥岩是盆地主要烃源岩和区域性盖层。层序Ⅲ是盆地坳陷期的沉积,发育冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、河流相、三角洲相和滨-浅湖亚相。盆地中古近系沉积经过了洪积或冲积扇、河流三角洲→湖泊（扇三角洲）→河流的发育过程,反映了盆地从初期形成→扩张→萎缩的完整的演化序列。在层序Ⅰ和层序Ⅱ的低水位体系域,田东凹陷的中央断凹、南部次凹和那笔凸起的北部断鼻等区带发育长轴分布的河流三角洲砂岩,这些砂岩处于烃源岩成熟区,油气成藏条件优越,是河道岩性油藏勘探的有利区。在层序Ⅱ湖侵体系域和高水位体系域,北部陡坡发育扇三角洲砂体,与烃源岩指状交叉接触,有利于油气运聚成藏,容易形成大量上倾尖灭岩性油藏。     

基于网格单元的总合式和非总合式结合的区域矿产资源潜力评价方法

区域矿产资源潜力有总合式评价和非总合式评价两大类方法.总合式评价方法简便易行,可以得到一个区域的资源潜力总量的估计,但是没有其在区域中的空间位置信息,区域矿产资源潜力评价早期主要是用总合式评价方法.随着资料数据的积累,特别是计算机和GIS技术的应用,能给出空间位置信息的非总合式评价越来越多的用于区域矿产资源潜力评价.非总合式评价主要把区域划分成同形等大的单元,在圈定成矿远景区单元基础上,用类比方法对成矿远景区单元进行矿产资源潜力数量预测评价.总合式矿产资源潜力评价是区域矿产资源潜力评价的主要方法,可以对区域内潜在的矿产资源量进行预测,但是只有一个总量,没有区域内矿产资源空间分布信息,不能结合各局部空间具体情况进行各种环境经济社会评价,因此需要将其预测的资源量空间定位化.非总合式矿产资源潜力评价虽然能够定位,但因其是用控制单元的探明资源量进行类比外推,所以无法对已知矿产资源量的单元内潜在的矿产资源量进行预测.提出了用基于网格单元的总合式和非总合式方法结合的矿产资源潜力评价方法,解决了总合式方法单元资源量预测值的空间定位和分配问题.并且以云南铅锌矿为例进行了计算,既得到了总量也得到了其空间分布量,修正了非总合式预测方法的不足,特别适用于对矿产资源进行环境、经济、社会等评价或者联合评价.以云南铅锌矿产资源潜力评价为实例进行了应用,得到初步结果.      

钢筋混凝土桥墩震后修复技术研究综述

介绍了近几次破坏性地震中钢筋混凝土桥墩的典型震害,总结了国内外利用FRP材料、钢套管、狗骨式杆等新型建筑材料对发生弯曲破坏、剪切破坏、纵筋搭接破坏以及空心截面桥墩的震后修复技术.研究表明,采用合适的修复方案,可以对地震损坏的桥墩进行成功修复,使其承载力和延性得到较好的恢复.文中提到的桥墩震后修复方案可为地震、火灾、爆炸以及腐蚀老化后遭受损坏的钢筋混凝土结构的修复提供参考.     

Ground motion parameters of Shillong plateau: One of the most seismically active zones of northeastern India

Strong ground motion parameters for Shillong plateau of northeastern India are examined. Empirical relations are obtained for main parameters of ground motions as a function of earthquake magnitude, fault type, source depth, velocity characterization of medium and distance. Correlation between ground motion parameters and characteristics of seismogenic zones are established. A new attenuation relation for peak ground acceleration is developed, which predicts higher expected PGA in the region. Parameters of ...     

X线钡餐联合CT扫描在食道癌诊断中的应用

目的:分析X线钡餐与CT扫描在食道癌诊断中的影像学表现特点,以及两者的优势和不足,探讨两者的联合使用对食道癌的诊断价值,提高影像学技术对该病的诊断水平.方法:回顾分析56例经手术或病理证实的食道癌患者的影像学资料,所有病例均进行了X线钡餐及CT检查,影像学资料完整.结果:①分布部位:56例中,食管颈段8例,胸上段10例,胸中段23例,胸下段15例.②X线钡餐征象:早期表现为粘膜增粗、紊乱,蠕动减弱,以及小的允盈缺损和小龛影(13例);中晚期为粘膜破坏、管腔狭窄,管壁僵硬,以及较大的充盈缺损和恶性龛影(43例).③CT征象:直接征象为管壁不规则增厚(56例),腔内肿块(36例),管腔狭窄(51例)或闭塞(3例),狭窄以上扩张(43例);间接征象为肿瘤对临近结构的侵犯和转移,以及并发症征象.表现为食管周围脂肪线侵犯(43例),气管支气管侵犯(16例),主动脉侵犯(22例,其中3例可疑),心包侵犯(7例),淋巴结转移(8例),并发肺脓肿(1例).④与手术病理确诊对照:X线钡餐正确诊断率为83.8%,CT正确诊断率为95.3%,两者联合诊断正确率达100%.⑤CT分期:Ⅱ期13例,Ⅲ期36例,Ⅳ期7例.结论:X线钡餐与CT扫描各具其优劣.X线钡餐能观察食管的功能性改变,对病变部位长度及粘膜病变显示精准,CT扫描对肿块位置、大小、范围及周围组织器官受侵和淋巴结转移情况具优势,两者联合使用有利于全面观察食道癌的病变范围和程度,提高了对该病的影像学诊断准确率,对指导临床分期、制定治疗及手术方案、判定预后有积极作用.     

软岩遇水软化的耗散结构形成机制

针对华南“红层”软岩遇水软化的复杂系统演化问题, 从其软化过程中是否形成耗散结构的思路出发, 研究了软岩系统非线性软化特征.结果表明: 软岩与水相互作用系统是一个开放的复杂系统, 在内部非线性作用下逐渐演化至非平衡状态, 其软化过程中可以形成有序的耗散结构.在此基础上, 采用耗散结构理论系统分析了软岩软化过程中耗散结构的形成机制: 软岩软化的过程经历了近平衡态、远离平衡自组织态与远离平衡临界态3个阶段, 并最终通过非平衡相变形成了具有一定稳定性的耗散结构.最后基于软岩软化过程中结构分维值演化规律, 初步建立了软岩耗散结构形成的分岔演化模型, 并将模型应用于软岩饱水软化试验的临界分岔现象分析中.分析表明软岩耗散结构是在系统经历多次倍周期分岔, 通过不断地从稳定到失稳再到稳定的过程后形成的.其中3个月与6个月这两个时间点具有显著的临界特征, 这是深入研究软岩软化耗散动力学过程的切入点.      

A three dimensional k-ε-A_p model for water-sediment movement

A three-dimensional k-ε-Ap two-fluid turbulence model is proposed to study liquid-particle two-phase flow and bed deformation. By solving coupled liquid-phase and solid-phase governing equations in a finite-volume method, the model can calculate the movement of both water and sediment. The model was validated by water-sediment transport in a 180° channel bend with a movable bed. The validation concerns two-phase time-averaged velocities, bed deformation, water depth, depth-averaged streamwise velocity, cross-stream bed profiles, and two-phase secondary flow velocity vectors. The agreement between numerical results and experimental results was generally good. The comparisons of the numerical results of different models show that the three-dimensional k-ε-Ap two-fluid turbulence model has a relatively higher accuracy than one-fluid model.