常见稀有气体采样容器研究进展及意义

稀有气体是地学研究的重要手段之一,在研究成矿流体来源、壳幔相互作用过程中具有重要的研究意义,其组成及同位素比值是研究天体和地质体来源、成岩机理及各种地质和物理化学过程的关键,可作为地球化学示踪剂。如何有效地在大气圈、水圈和岩石圈进行稀有气体同位素样品的提取,是气体同位素研究急需解决的基础科学问题,所以气体采样容器和取样技术显得尤为重要。本文在文献调研的基础上,对常见的采样容器的优缺点进行对比,并总结了不同采样容器对稀有气体取样的优劣性。常见的气体采集容器包括不锈钢瓶、铜管、玻璃瓶、气体采样袋、注射器等,而稀有气体的采集容器常为不锈钢瓶和铜管等;通过对比表明不锈钢瓶具有耐高温、耐高压、抗强腐蚀、不易燃、不易爆等特点和优越性,在气体样品采集和运输过程中稳定性最好,实验效果也最好;铜管采样效果和密封性好,但操作较为复杂;玻璃采样容器效果次之;石英玻璃瓶虽然操作简便,但是运输保存不便;气体采样袋和注射器的采集和运输储存效果较差。因此建议稀有气体样品采集使用不锈钢瓶和铜管以及钠钙材质的玻璃瓶,不建议将石英材质玻璃容器以及注射器和气袋作为稀有气体的采样工具。该工作可为气体地球化学的研究提供新的参考。     

黄淮地区触发对流天气的干线特征

利用高空和地面观测、欧洲中期预报中心再分析资料（ERA5）以及卫星云图,统计2010—2019年4—9月我国黄淮地区触发对流天气的干线特征。结果表明：干线主要出现在山东德州附近和豫北周边地区,多呈准西北—东南向和准东北—西南向;长度集中在100~200 km,宽度在50~100 km;多出现在14：00（北京时,下同）或17：00;多发生在高空冷涡形势下,低层多有切变线（或辐合线）配合,地面多位于入海高压后部。地面气象要素统计显示：干线干侧温度较湿侧偏高1.9 ℃,湿侧露点温度较干侧偏高6.8 ℃,干线两侧温度梯度为-2.7 ℃·（100 km）-1,露点温度梯度为10.1 ℃·（100 km）-1,比湿梯度为5.9 g·kg-1·（100 km）-1。探空参数统计结果表明：干线湿侧大气可降水量略高于干侧,925 hPa,850 hPa和700 hPa湿侧比湿均大于干侧;对流有效位能湿侧平均值远大于干侧;干线两侧700 hPa,850 hPa与500 hPa温度差非常接近,即黄淮地区干线两侧对流有效位能的显著差异主要由干线两侧低层水汽条件差异造成,干线两侧条件不稳定度大致相当。     

龙口平均海平面变化原因的研究

本文通过对实测海平面高度的对比，发现龙口平均海平面从１９９１年起有明显的升高趋势。作者猜测此乃龙口在码头扩建后有系统下沉所致。     

新型的决策气象服务系统

江苏省气象台近年来针对各级党政领导指挥生产建设和防灾减灾进行决策时对气象工作的更高要求,变革传统的文稿传统的文稿函发、电话口传、传真传送的落后服务手段,研制了新型的“气象信息服务系统”,以全方位和多层次的综合化服务方式和内容,由网络通读和计算机显示再加上多媒体技术等手段,主支、及时、准确、科学、高效地提高了决策气象服务的水平,较好的发挥了气象工作为各级党政领导的参谋和助手作用。     

化脓性脊柱炎影像学诊断(附23例分析)

笔者报告了23例化脓性脊柱炎。本文着重分析对比了X线平片和CT检查结果,通过分析对比,发现CT检查优于X线平片,并有助于对化脓性脊柱炎早期作出诊断。主要影像学表现:早期,软组织肿胀和脓肿形成,骨质呈虫蚀状破坏,随之破坏区周围出现增生硬化。CT 还能发现炎块中的气体。晚期,骨质修复占优势,即骨质增生硬化,骨桥形成,最后可产生骨性融合。     

The Characteristic Patterns of Macrofaunal Fouling Assemblages in Nearshore Waters of the South China Sea

The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea. The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites (H-site, L-site) for one year, and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed. The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites. At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year, with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site. Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites. At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter, while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons, and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter. The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site. The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages. Furthermore, it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle, rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span. This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats, and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.     

瞬变电磁场的奇点展开法

在分析电磁系统自然谐振现象的基础上,简述了瞬变电磁场奇点展开法的物理基础、基本理论、极点提取方法,并考查了奇点展开法在地球物理中的应用可能性。     

陕西省潼关县碾头岔含金石墨矿工艺矿物学研究

工艺矿物学系统研究表明：碾头岔含金石墨矿床的矿石中除石墨外,可综合利用的有用元素还有金、铜等。金矿物颗粒较细,主要以独立矿物形式赋存于载体矿物黄铜矿、黄铁矿及石墨中。黄铜矿是主要的铜矿物,其次有蓝辉铜矿。石墨呈独立矿物存在,片大且较平直,属于大鳞片石墨,矿石中总碳仅有６５％左右以石墨碳形态存在。上述３种有用元素均可通过合理磨矿,选择适宜的选矿条件得到金精矿、铜精矿和石墨精矿。然而由于石墨精矿中杂质较多且颗粒细小,主要为极细的片状硅酸盐,要得到高品级石墨,用机械选矿办法是无能为力的,需要对精矿进一步加工处理方可奏效。     

鲁中山区地形对山东省一次暴雨影响的敏感性数值模拟试验

利用PSU/NCAR MM5V3中尺度数值模式进行了鲁中山区地形对一次台风暴雨的数值模拟敏感性试验,结果分析表明:鲁中山区地形作用对山东省暴雨有重要影响,迎风坡可引起低层气流和水汽的辐合上升运动增强,降水量增加,但偏北气流在迎风坡的水汽辐合不明显,降水量影响不大;山顶引起低层辐合上升运动减弱,辐散下沉运动增强,降水量减小;背风坡引起低层气流和水汽的辐合上升运动增强,降水量增加。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus intake by phytoplankton in the Xiamen Bay

This paper describes a time series experiment examining the nitrogen and phosphorus intake of natural phytoplankton communities by a microcosms approach.Seawater samples containing natural phytoplankton communities were collected from waters around Baozhu Islet in inner Xiamen Bay and around Qingyu Islet in the outer bay.The goal was to elucidate the relationship between phytoplankton population enhancement,the biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the seawater,and the phytoplankton nitrogen an...