Environmental behavior of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in aquatic ecosystem

LAS degradation rate in Donghu Lake water under aerobic was much faster than under anaerobic condition. The half life of LAS in aerobic and anaerobic environment was 3.2 days and 57 days, respectively. The degradation rate at 25–27°C was approximately 20 times higher than that at 1.5–3.5 °C. In a laboratory model aquatic ecosystem, two stages of bioconcentration in fish, daphnia and snail were observed. The first stage, on second day exposure, resulted from accumulation of intact LAS, and the second stage, on 16th day exposure, was due to metabolites. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of LAS was extremely low in the muscle of hybrid carp (0.64), but rather high (2485) in the gall bladder. This cooperation project between the Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Wuhan, P. R. China and the Institut fur Okologische Chemie der Gesellschaft fur Strahlen und Umweltforschung, F. R. Germany, was supported by the Natural Science Foundation P. R. China and GSF.     

Relationship between CO2-bearing fluid and gold mineralization in Haigou gold deposit of Jilin

Haigou gold deposit is a typical orogenic gold deposit. There are a reasonable amount of fluid inclusions in the gold deposit,including three types: CO2-H2O-Na Cl inclusions,pure CO2 inclusions and Na Cl-H2 O inclusions,of which most of them are CO2-bearing inclusions. The fluid salinity is 1. 43%- 9. 08%,mainly concentrated in the range of 4. 69%- 5. 41%,the density of CO2 is 0. 69- 0. 80 g / cm3,indicating that the mineralization fluid is low-medium salinity and low density fluid. A series of studies on gold-bearing quartz vein and fluid inclusions show that there exists a positive correlation between the degree of the gold mi-neralization and the amount of CO2 in the inclusions,which means the more CO2-bearing inclusions there are,the higher the content of gold is. CO2 is mainly derived from mantle fluid,and the ore-forming fluid should be derived from mantle fluid and the crust shallow fluid. The conclusions have important denotative meaning on the metallogenic mechanism of orogenic gold deposit and the deep prospecting on metal deposit.     

南流江中上游毛蟹调查初报

对北部湾南流江水系的日本绒螯蟹合浦亚种(Eriocheir japonicus hepu ensis Dai 1900)的形态特征、生态习性、分布状况、捕捞运输、经济价值、资源利用作了阐述,并对如何加强资源保护提出4点建议。     

花生四烯酸调控网络在贻贝麻痹性贝毒代谢中的作用基于转录组和代谢组联合分析

紫贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）是富集麻痹性贝类毒素（Paralytic Shellfish Toxins, PSTs）能力很强的代表性双壳贝类,但研究表明紫贻贝暴露于PSTs也会引起机体炎症反应,其作用机理及对毒素代谢影响尚不清楚。本研究采用转录组学与代谢组学联合分析技术,比较了产PSTs的链状亚历山大藻（Alexandrium catenella）暴发的不同时期,紫贻贝机体的基因表达量与代谢物含量差异,以解析PSTs胁迫下紫贻贝机体的炎症反应机制。结果表明,紫贻贝暴露于PSTs后表达的基因和代谢物均发生显著变化,其中差异表达基因17232个,差异代谢物341个。基于联合分析,差异表达基因与差异代谢物显著富集在花生四烯酸和谷胱甘肽代谢通路中,基因PLA2G2F、ALOX5、TBXAS1以及代谢物ARA、PGH₂、TXA₂、LTA₄、5-HETE对贻贝机体的促炎反应发挥重要作用;而基因GPX4、CYP2J2和代谢物15-HETE、GSH则调节机体炎症的消退。本研究揭示花生四烯酸相关通路在贻贝机体炎症反应过程中具有重要的调控作用,为下一步深度揭示PSTs胁迫下贻贝机体炎症网络化响应机制提供了研究基础。     

利用无人机激光雷达估算红树林地上生物量

红树林作为热带地区碳储量最高的植被类型之一,面积呈现破碎化、减少趋势,地上生物量（AGB）的空间分布及其动态信息对于温室气体通量、碳储量的估算以及政策制定和实施至关重要。但是常用于AGB估算的光学数据或者SAR数据均存在信号饱和现象,且传统估算红树林生物量的算法对数据要求高、估算精度相对较低。针对该问题,本研究使用无人机激光雷达（UAV-LiDAR）数据对比了4种梯度增强决策树算法对于估算入侵红树林物种无瓣海桑AGB的精度,同时探讨了建模过程中的变量重要性。结果表明：（1）XGBR对于评估红树林AGB具有较高的拟合能力,达到R² = 0.833 8,RMSE = 1.55 Mg/hm²;（2）研究区的无瓣海桑预测AGB的值为73.10～190.00 Mg/hm²,平均值为109.10 Mg/hm²;（3）描述冠层高度特征的激光雷达指标是估计红树林AGB的重要变量。本研究证明了UAV-LiDAR数据与XGBR模型对于估算红树林AGB的可行性,以期为红树林生态系统的蓝碳研究提供数据支撑。     

东昆仑东段加里东造山旋回侵入岩特征研究

新一轮区调填图所获资料表明,加里东期花岗岩成因类型复杂多样,有岛弧花岗岩、同碰撞花岗岩及少量陆内造山花岗岩等,说明东昆仑东段在加里东时期经历了复杂的洋—陆俯冲、陆陆碰撞的动力学过程。     

Effects of surface drag on low-level frontogenesis within baroclinic waves

Using a three-dimensional nonhydrostatic mesoscale numerical model (MM5), the evolution and structures of baroclinic waves with and without surface drag in case of dry and moist atmosphere are simulated, with special emphases on the effects of surface drag on the low-level frontal structure and frontogenesis. There are two different effects of surface drag on the low-level frontogenesis in the dry case. On one hand, the surface drag weakens the low-level frontogenesis and less inclined to develop the baroclinic wave due to the dissipation. But on the other hand, the surface drag induces a strong ageostrophic flow, which prolongs the low-level frontogenesis and finally leads to the enhancement of cold front. Compared with the no surface drag case, the surface drag increases the frontal slope espe- cially in the boundary layer, where the front is almost vertical to the surface, and then enhances the prefrontal vertical motion. All these conclusions expanded the analytical theory of Tan and Wu (1990). In the moist atmosphere, the influence of surface drag on frontal rainbands is also obvious. The surface drag weakens the convection, and reduces the energy dissipation near the surface when the initial relative humidity is relatively weak. At this time, the confluence induced post-frontal updrafts moves across the cold front and reinforces the prefrontal convection, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the rainband in cold sector. Given the enhancement of relative humidity, the moist convection domi- nates the low-level frontogenesis while the retardation of surface drag on energy dissipation is not obvious, therefore the effects of surface drag on the low-level frontogenesis and precipitation are re- duced.     

EFFECT OF CIRCULATION LOW LATITUDES ON THE WEATHER OF MIDDLE LATITUDES——THE IDEA OF MID-RANGE AND SHORT-RANGE FORECASTS OF RAINSTORMS

There is a close relation between the circulations of the low latitudes over the ocean as well as their. variations and precipitation in China.Rainstorms and droughts which often cause disasters are two extreme cases of precipitation. Therefore it is practically and theoretically significant to forecast both of them. A series of analyses on the predominant rainstorms processes in mid-summer in North China were made from 1975 to 1977[1,2],and the method was used.As a consequence, a preliminary conclusion has been reached.     

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS COLLECTED FROM DRAINAGES RECEIVING DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Surface drainage sediments were collected, between January and April in 2005, from 6 sampling sites in Peninsular Malaysia suspected to have received different anthropogenic sources. These drainages included sites near a petrochemical plant, an electronic factory, a metal factory and 2 townships in addition to a relatively unpolluted site (a reference site). Based on the aqua-regia method, the metal concentrations for all the sampling sites except for the agricultural site (reference site) at Sg. Benut were between 60.92-1 019 μg/g dry weight for copper (Cu), 65.32-1 266.6μg/g dry weight for plumbum (Pb), 1.46-15.93 μg/g dry weight for cadmium (Cd), 330.10-484.14 μg/g dry weight for zinc (Zn) and 47.03-120.90 μg/g dry weight for nickel (Ni). All of these ranges were significantly (p< 0.05) higher than those (Cu: 8.77 μg/g; Pb: 57.42 μg/g; Cd: 0.96 μg/g; Zn: 68.21 μg/g; and Ni: 17.87 μg/g) of the reference site at Sg. Benut that only received agricultural disposal. The concentrations for the 5 metals from all the sites (except for the reference site) were higher than the Sediment Quality Values for Hong Kong by Chapman et al (1999) for the 5 metals. Based on the sequential extraction technique, 3 geochemical fractions [easily, freely leachable and exchangeable (EFLE), acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic] were also useful in identifying these polluted sites. The elevated metal concentrations found in the sediments might be related to point sources of industrial effluent and urban waste. Hence, the results emphasized the necessity for the treatment of effluents into this drainage area. As part of the effort to control illegal discharges and dumping into drainages, public awareness should be enhanced.