RS和GIS在高压输电线选线中的应用

应用卫星遥感图像对研究区500KV输电线沿线地质灾害和地质构造进行解译,查明了沿线不良地质体;同时利用GIS空间分析功能和虚拟现实技术对线路进行可行性分析,并提出修改建议,为线路选线和塔位选址提供了技术支持。     

广东三水盆地双峰式火山岩:空间展布、岩石学特征及其盆地动力学意义

广东三水盆地内广泛分布有晚白垩纪-始新世火山岩,在化学成分上他们表现为以玄武岩类(SiO2=44.45%～54.46%;K2O+Na2O=3%～6%)和粗面岩-流纹岩(SiO2=59.23%～73.27%;K2O+Na2O=7.5%～12%)为主的双峰式特征。这些火山岩大致由十三期火山活动所形成,其中,早期形成以粗面岩-流纹岩为主的火山岩分布在盆地的边缘,晚期以玄武岩类为主的火山活动出现在盆地的中部。火山岩的时空分布特征反映了随着盆地断陷程度的不断加深导致岩浆由来自浅部岩浆房向深部岩浆房转化的过程。盆地内岩浆岩主要受区域地幔上涌-部分熔融所控制,盆地的断陷过程诱发了不同深度岩浆房内岩浆的喷发。三水盆地火山岩的不对称分布暗示了盆地的东侧向沿海方向的拉伸更加强烈。     

黄河三角洲海岸冲淤及泥沙输运模型数值模拟分析

黄河三角洲是陆海交界地带,陆地海洋相互作用显著,泥沙所引起的岸滩演变、港口航道的淤积、水动力环境的改变等问题比较复杂。该文采用三维HEM-3D数值模型对黄河三角洲海域流场变化、盐度、悬浮泥沙浓度及海岸冲淤分布进行了潮流周期内的数值模拟分析。结果表明,黄河三角洲海域的悬浮泥沙浓度分布与潮流场变化和河口泥沙输入有密切的关系,在三角洲北部受五号桩外强潮流区的影响,近岸海底的泥沙发生明显的再悬浮,并在涨潮流向南输送,含沙量达1.5 g/L左右。在三角洲南部(现行河口区域和莱州湾区域),受现行河口入海泥沙扩散的影响显著。海域年冲淤分布,在北部废弃三角洲区域,由于海洋动力作用强烈,浅水冲刷,海底侵蚀显著,形成了明显呈沿岸展布的侵蚀中心,在侵蚀中心以外,侵蚀快速减弱。在现行河口区域,以淤积为主,在羽状流扩散的控制下,泥沙入海后向南输运,至莱州湾区域逐渐减弱。数值模拟的结果与卫星遥感解译的岸线变化基本一致,效果良好。     

东秦岭钼矿带成矿特征及其与美国克莱马克斯-亨德森钼矿带的对比

东秦岭钼矿带是中国最主要的钼矿带,钼矿呈近东西向展布。钼矿以斑岩型为主,从南到北,钼矿带钼矿大体有斑岩Cu-Mo矿、斑岩Mo矿、斑岩Au-Mo矿分带的趋势,与从俯冲带到克拉通边缘斑岩Cu矿、斑岩Cu-Mo矿、斑岩Mo矿依次发育的分带现象相似,表明钼矿的形成与扬子地块向华北地块俯冲有关。根据钼矿Re-Os年龄资料统计钼矿分为～220Ma、～140Ma和～110Ma三期,其成矿动力学背景分别为碰撞造山、碰撞造山后伸展和中国东部岩石圈减薄。钼矿流体包裹体均一温度介于83℃～424℃;平衡盐度介于0.61%～42.5%。流体包裹体水的δD介于-100‰～-40‰,δ18OH2O介于-4.3‰～8.7‰;且从成矿早期到晚期流体包裹体水的δD和δ18OH2O分别变小,表明钼矿的成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,后期有大气水的加入。东秦岭钼矿的铅同位素为206Pb/204Pb=17.12～17.89、207Pb/204Pb=15.23～15.70、208Pb/204Pb=37.57～39.10,与区域下地壳铅同位素一致;小斑岩体的Sri=0.705～0.714,δ18O=7.2‰～12.1‰,与I型花岗岩的锶、氧同位素相一致,表明钼矿的成矿物质主要来源于下地壳。东秦岭钼矿带的钼资源总量占中国钼资源的51%以上,美国克莱马克斯-亨德森钼矿带(Climax and Hender-son)的钼资源总量占美国钼矿资源的42%以上,美国和中国的钼资源在世界上的排名分别为第一和第二位,两钼矿带是世界钼资源高度集中的两个区域。克莱马克斯-亨德森钼矿带位于美国中西部、美洲克拉通西缘;钼矿主要形成于33～18Ma,稍晚于拉腊米(Laramide,75～54Ma)陆内造山运动;钼矿形成于碰撞造山后伸展环境。东秦岭与克莱马克斯两钼矿带相比:1)两钼矿带都位于克拉通边缘;2)两钼矿带的钼矿化都形成于陆内碰撞造山之后的伸展环境,与成矿有关的岩体都为花岗斑岩小岩体;3)两钼矿带钼矿的辉钼矿平均丰度分别为0.073%～0.140%和0.171%～0.264%,东秦岭钼矿的丰度明显较低;4)两钼矿带钼矿的辉钼矿成矿温度分别为300～400℃和460～600℃,东秦岭钼矿明显较低,反映与其成矿有关的岩浆的侵位深度较浅。通过两钼矿带间的综合对比得出:克拉通边缘经历陆内碰撞造山作用后在伸展环境下有利于斑岩钼矿的形成;与钼矿有关的小斑岩体岩浆的侵位深度影响钼矿中辉钼矿的丰度,岩浆的侵出深度越深其钼矿的辉钼矿品位越高。     

太行山北段龙泉关一带花岗岩类稀土元素特征

对晋冀交界地带燕山期黑崖岩体的稀土元素特征研究 ,初步判断其源岩可能是具陆壳性质的岩石。利用非实比平衡部分熔融公式对岩石成因作了稀土元素定量模拟 ,提出本区花岗岩类的源岩可能是阜平地区广泛分布的新太古代变质深成岩—坊里片麻岩。     

New Pelecinid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China

Three well-preserved fossil Pelecinids from the Late Mesozoic Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China are described and assigned to two new species, Eopelecinus huangi sp. nov. and Eopelecinus tumidus sp. nov. in Eopelecinus Zhang, Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2002. As of now, 17 species have been included in this genus, which is the most diverse in the Pelecinidae family. With new information and characters obtained from these new specimens, the diagnosis of Eopelecinus Zhang, Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2002 is emended.     

Numerical study of dewatering in a large deep foundation pit

During foundation pit excavation, groundwater is often the most important factor that affects pit stability. Dewatering is widely used in pit excavation to avoid uplift of excavation floors due to high water pressure. The characteristics of seepage in small-scale deep foundation pits of high-rise buildings or in the long narrow foundation pits of subway stations have been extensively investigated. However, the characteristics of seepage in large-scale deep excavations have not been studied. This paper investigates the large deep excavation of the buildings in Oriental Fisherman’s Wharf. The total area of the construction site is 33,917 m². Single-well and group-well field pumping tests were performed and a numerical simulation by 3D finite difference method (FDM) was carried out. The simulation used results from the field pumping tests. The permeability parameters of the confined aquifer were then revised, based upon comparisons of simulation and observation results. Subsequently, dewatering schemes were simulated by FDM forward analysis. The simulation results show that dewatering schemes can minimize seepage and uplift in large excavation pits, though settlement outside the pit may need treatment measures.     

A Modeling Study of the Potential Water Quality Impacts from In-Stream Tidal Energy Extraction

To assess the effects of tidal energy extraction on water quality in a simplified estuarine system, which consists of a tidal bay connected to the coastal ocean through a narrow channel where energy is extracted using in-stream tidal turbines, a three-dimensional coastal ocean model with built-in tidal turbine and water quality modules was applied. The effects of tidal energy extraction on water quality were examined for two energy extraction scenarios as compared with the baseline condition. It was found, in general, that the environmental impacts associated with energy extraction depend highly on the amount of power extracted from the system. Model results indicate that, as a result of energy extraction from the channel, the competition between decreased flushing rates in the bay and increased vertical mixing in the channel directly affects water quality responses in the bay. The decreased flushing rates tend to cause a stronger but negative impact on water quality. On the other hand, the increased vertical mixing could lead to higher bottom dissolved oxygen at times. As the first modeling effort directly aimed at examining the impacts of tidal energy extraction on estuarine water quality, this study demonstrates that numerical models can serve as a very useful tool for this purpose. However, more careful efforts are warranted to address system-specific environmental issues in real-world, complex estuarine systems.     

黑龙江省碾子山地区铌、钽矿地球化学特征及评价

为提高碾子山地区铌、钽矿的地球化学特征研究程度,通过1:1 万土壤地球化学测量,对区内地球化学元素含量特征、单元素异常特征、综合异常特征等进行研究分析。结果表明: 碾子山地区Nb、Ta等元素在研究区位于高背景场,在土壤中分布不均,存在局部富集成矿的可能; R型聚类分析将18种元素分为贵金属、有色金属元素,稀有、稀土元素和分散元素3组,显示为正长花岗岩体元素聚类组合特征,表明铌、钽矿与花岗岩体关系密切; 研究区共圈出土壤单元素异常521处,综合异常12处,其中碾-2012-Ht-2、碾-2012-Ht-7和碾-2012-Ht-11 3处综合异常为重点异常,成矿潜力较大。经槽探及钻探工程验证,共发现铌、钽低品位矿体3条,铌、钽矿化体11条,呈脉状分布于早白垩世碱性花岗岩、正长花岗岩中。     

Zircon U-Pb geochronology of tuffite beds in the Baishugou Formation: Constraints on the revision of Ectasian System at the southern margin of the North China Craton

Science China Earth Sciences - The Xiamaling Formation of 1.4–1.35 Ga in Jixian Section and adjoining areas represents a unique Ectasian Period (Mesoproterozoic) sedimentary sequence in the...