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341.
Development and testing of a serially multiplexed fiber optic sensor system is described. The sensor differs from conventional
fiber optic acoustic systems, as it is capable of sensing AE emissions at several points along the length of a single fiber.
Multiplexing provides for single channel detection of cracks and their locations in large structural systems. An algorithm
was developed for signal recognition and tagging of the AE waveforms for detection of crack locations. Laboratory experiments
on plain concrete beams and post-tensioned FRP tendons were performed to evaluate the crack detection capability of the sensor
system. The acoustic emission sensor was able to detect initiation, growth and location of the cracks in concrete as well
as in the FRP tendons. The AE system is potentially suitable for applications involving health monitoring of structures following
an earthquake
Supported by: National Science Foundation, Grant number CMS-9900338 相似文献
342.
A technique to improve the empirical mode decomposition in the Hilbert-Huang transform 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The Hilbert-based time-frequency analysis has promising capacity to reveal the time-variant behaviors of a system. To admit
well-behaved Hilbert transforms, component decomposition of signals must be performed beforehand. This was first systematically
implemented by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in the Hilbert-Huang transform, which can provide a time-frequency representation
of the signals. The EMD, however, has limitations in distinguishing different components in narrowband signals commonly found
in free-decay vibration signals. In this study, a technique for decomposing components in narrowband signals based on waves’
beating phenomena is proposed to improve the EMD, in which the time scale structure of the signal is unveiled by the Hilbert
transform as a result of wave beating, the order of component extraction is reversed from that in the EMD and the end effect
is confined. The proposed technique is verified by performing the component decomposition of a simulated signal and a free
decay signal actually measured in an instrumented bridge structure. In addition, the adaptability of the technique to time-variant
dynamic systems is demonstrated with a simulated time-variant MDOF system. 相似文献
343.
Relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters: theoretical and semi-empirical relationships 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fault parameters are important in earthquake hazard analysis. In this paper, theoretical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters including subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, rupture area, and average slip over the fault surface are deduced based on seismological theory. These theoretical relationships are further simplified by applying similarity conditions and an unique form is established. Then, combining thc simplified theoretical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters with seismic source data selected in this study, a practical semi-empirical relationship is established. The seismic source data selected is also to used to derive empirical relationships between moment magnitude and fault parameters by the ordinary least square regression method. Comparisons between semi-empirical relationships and empirical relationships show that the former depict distribution trends of data better than the latter. It is also observed that downdip rupture widths of strike slip faults are saturated when moment magnitude is more than 7.0, but downdip rupture widths of dip slip faults are not saturated in the moment magnitude ranges of this study. 相似文献
344.
Lateral load pattern in pushover analysis 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
The seismic capacity curves of three types of buildings including frame, frame-shear wall and shear wall obtained by pushover
analysis under different lateral load patterns are compared with those from nonlinear time history analysis. Based on the
numerical results obtained a two-phase load pattern; an inverted triangle (first mode) load pattern until the base shear force
reachesβ times its maximum value, Vmax, followed by a (x/H)α form, hereβ and α being some coefficients depending on the type of the structures considered, is proposed in the paper, which can provide
excellent approximation of the seismic capacity curve for low-to-mid-rise shear type buildings. Furthermore, it is shown both
the two-phase load pattern proposed and the invariant uniform pattern can be used for low-to-mid-rise shear-bending type and
low-rise bending type of buildings. No suitable load patterns have been found for high-rise buildings. 相似文献
345.
Structural physical parameter identification based on evolutionary-simplex algorithm and structural dynamic response 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Evolutionary computation based on the idea of biologic evolution is one type of global optimization algorithm that uses self-adaptation, self-organization and random searching to solve optimization problems. The evolutionary-simplex algorithm is introduced in this paper. It contains floating encoding which combines the evolutionary computation and the simplex algorithm to ovcrcomc the problems encountered in the genetic algorithm and evolutionary strategy methods.Numerical cxpcrimcnts arc performed using seven typical functions to verify the algorithm. An inverse analysis method to identify structural physical parameters based on incomplete dynamic responses obtained from the analysis in the time domain is prcscntcd by using the evolutionary-simplex algorithm. The modal evolutionary-simplex algorithm converted from the time domain to the modal domain is proposed to improve the inverse efficiency. Numerical calculations for a 50-DOF system show that whcn compared with other methods, the evolutionary-simplex algorithm offers advantages of high precision,cfficient searching ability, strong ability to resist noise, independence of initial value, and good adaptation to incomplete information conditions. 相似文献
346.
Remote sensing technology has been widely recognized for contributing to emergency response efforts after the World Trade
Center attack on September 11th, 2001. The need to coordinate activities in the midst of a dense, yet relatively small area,
made the combination of imagery and mapped data strategically useful. This paper reviews the role played by aerial photography,
satellite imagery, and LIDAR data at Ground Zero. It examines how emergency managers utilized these datasets, and identifies
significant problems that were encountered. It goes on to explore additional ways in which imagery could have been used, while
presenting recommendations for more effective use in future disasters and Homeland Security applications. To plan adequately
for future events, it was important to capture knowledge from individuals who responded to the World Trade Center attack.
In recognition, interviews with key emergency management and geographic information system (GIS) personnel provide the basis
of this paper. Successful techniques should not be forgotten, or serious problems dismissed. Although widely used after September
11th, it is important to recognize that with better planning, remote sensing and GIS could have played an even greater role.
Together with a data acquisition timeline, an expanded discussion of these issues is available in the MCEER/NSF report “Emergency
Response in the Wake of the World Trade Center Attack; The Remote Sensing Perspective” (Huyck and Adams, 2002) 相似文献
347.
The development of seismic wave study in China in the past four years is reviewed. The discussion is divided into several aspects, including seismic wave propagation in laterally homogeneous media, laterally heterogeneous media, anisotropic and porous media, surface wave and seismic wave inversion, and seismic wave study in prospecting and logging problems. Important projects in the current studies on seismic wave is suggested as the development of high efficient numerical methods, and applying them to the studies of excitation and propagation of seismic waves in complex media and strong ground motion, which will form a foundation for refined earthquake hazard analysis and prediction. 相似文献
348.
Rajib?Kar S.?BhattacharyaEmail author J.?W.?Sheraton 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,145(6):707-729
A massif-type (intrusive) charnockite body in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, India, is associated with hornblende-bearing mafic granulite, two-pyroxene granulite and enderbitic granulite. The charnockite is characterised by pervasive gneissic foliation (S1). This is axial planar to the folded layers of hornblende-bearing mafic granulite (F1 folds), indicating that the granulite protoliths were present before the development of S1. Two-pyroxene granulite and enderbitic granulite occur as lenticular patches disposed along the foliation and hence could be syngenetic to S1. The tonalitic to granodioritic, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous compositions and relatively high Sr/Rb of the charnockite are consistent with its derivation by partial melting of a mafic protolith. Strong Y depletion, lack of Sr depletion and strongly fractionated REE patterns with high (La/Yb)N ratio, but relatively lower HREE (Gd/Lu) fractionation with marked positive Eu anomalies, suggest major residual hornblende (as well as garnet), but not plagioclase, consistent with the hornblende dehydration melting in the source rocks. Such a residual mineralogy is broadly similar to those of some of the hornblende-bearing mafic granulite inclusions, which have compositional features indicative of a restitic nature. Quantitative modelling supports an origin for the charnockite melts by partial melting of a hornblende-rich mafic granulite source, although source heterogeneity is very likely given the rather variable trace element contents of the charnockite. The whole-rock and mineral compositions of the two-pyroxene granulites and enderbitic granulites are consistent with them representing peritectic phase segregations of hornblende-dehydration melting. A clockwise P-T path implies that melting could have occurred in thickened continental crust undergoing decompression.Editorial responsibility: T.L. Grove 相似文献
349.
Gianfranco?Di VincenzoEmail author Cecilia?Viti Sergio?Rocchi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,145(6):643-658
Biotite is one of the most common minerals dated by the 40Ar–39Ar method. It frequently shows K contents below the expected stoichiometric value, suggesting the presence of low-K impurities. The most common low-K alteration product of biotite is chlorite. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of chlorite interlayering on 40Ar–39Ar ages in order to correctly interpret 40Ar–39Ar data. This study examines the outcome of 40Ar–39Ar dating analyses on variably chloritised biotites from Ordovician intrusive rocks. The infrared (IR) laser-probe technique and different gas extraction methods were adopted. Incremental laser-heating data on bulk samples yielded hump-shaped age profiles with meaningless young and old age steps. Both the extent of anomalous old age steps and the degree of discordance of the age spectra were much more pronounced in the more chloritised biotite samples. In contrast, in situ data on rock chips and total-fusion ages on single biotite flakes yielded ages concordant with, or younger than, the inferred emplacement ages. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to texturally characterise biotite samples at the nanometre scale. It was also used to document the complex decomposition-transformation process affecting interlayered biotite–chlorite during in-vacuo IR-laser heating to temperatures ranging from ~600 to >1,000 °C. TEM results suggest that hump-shaped age profiles result from an interplay between 39ArK
redistribution by recoil during sample irradiation and differential release of argon isotopes hosted in three main reservoirs. These reservoirs are (from least to most retentive): extended defects, chlorite and biotite. The final descending age segment is attributed to the progressive release of argon with increasing temperature from large biotite domains for which 39ArK recoil loss was less important. 40Ar–39Ar data support previous findings, which suggest that 40Ar–39Ar ages when recoil effects are minimised, provide minimum estimates that approach the true biotite age, when the pristine domains are analysed. The most effective approach for obtaining meaningful 40Ar–39Ar ages was using individual total-fusion analyses on carefully selected, single flakes previously split along the basal cleavage by wet-grinding and corresponding to a sample mass of a few micrograms.Editorial responsibility: I Parsons 相似文献
350.
Absarokites from the western Mexican Volcanic Belt: constraints on mantle wedge conditions 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Marc?Hesse Timothy?L.?GroveEmail author 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,146(1):10-27
We have investigated the near liquidus phase relations of a primitive absarokite from the Mascota region in western Mexico. Sample M.102 contains ~11.6 wt% MgO, Mg#=0.73 and the lava contains Fo90 olivine phenocrysts, indicating near equilibrium with the mantle. High-pressure experiments on a synthetic analogue of the absarokite composition containing low and high H2O abundances of (~2 and ~5 wt%, respectively) were performed in a piston cylinder apparatus over the pressure range of 1.2 to 2.0 GPa. The composition containing ~2 wt% H2O is multiply saturated with olivine and orthopyroxene at 1.6 GPa and 1,400 °C. At the same pressure, clinopyroxene appears 30 °C below the liquidus. At an H2O content of ~5 wt% the multiple saturation with olivine and orthopyroxene occurs at 1.7 GPa and 1,300 °C. Assuming a batch-melting process, we suggest that the primitive absarokite was segregated from a depleted lherzolite or harzburgite residue at ~50 km, placing the depth of origin well within the mantle wedge beneath the Jalisco Block. A low degree (<5 %wt%) batch-melt of an original metasomatized depleted lherzolite or harzburgite source would contain the observed trace element abundances found in M.102. The liquidus phase relations are not consistent with the presence of non-peridotitic veins at the depth of last equilibration. Therefore, we propose that the Mascota absarokites segregated at an apparent melt fraction of less than 5% from a depleted peridotitic source. Melting first began at a greater depth as a small degree H2O- and trace element- rich melt of a metasomatized peridotite that ascended into the overlying wedge and re-equilibrated with shallower, hotter mantle.Editorial responsibility: J. Hoefs 相似文献