华东地区矿山地质环境治理现状及应对措施

通过对华东地区5省市矿山地质环境问题的实地调查和综合研究,初步总结了该区矿山地质环境问题的主要特征和治理现状,提出了要正确处理矿业开发与生态环境的关系,用制度来规范和引领矿业开发与生态环境双赢的应对措施。     

甘肃大水金矿床成矿流体特征与来源

产于西秦岭南缘的大水金矿是一个新型金矿床。作者在前人研究的基础上,通过对大水金矿床流体包裹体的较系统研究认为,大水金矿床的方解石中的包裹体以气液包裹体为主。流体包裹体气相成分的CH4、CO、H2的含量反映属氧化环境;液相成分中阴离子以SO42-为主,Cl-次之;阳离子以K＋为主,Na＋次之。Au在成矿流体中以AuSO42-络合物的形式迁移。矿床成矿温度为120℃～220℃,属中低温范畴。w（NaCleq）盐度为2.7%～9.1%,密度为0.875～0.970g/cm3。流体水的δD值为-101‰～-61‰,δ18O（SMOW）为-0.3‰～19.42‰,δ18OH2O为-4.32‰～8.33‰,显示早期成矿流体来源于岩浆水,晚期成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合;δ13C值趋向热液成因。综合分析认为该矿床为一层控—浅成-超浅成岩浆期后中低温热液交代型金矿床,为多次构造—岩浆作用的产物。     

内蒙古黄岗—甘珠尔庙成矿带铅锌矿综合信息找矿模型

以产于黄岗—甘珠尔庙成矿带的铅锌矿产为预测矿种,以铅锌矿矿床为目标物,较系统地分析了地层、岩浆岩等地质条件与铅锌矿产的关系,查明各种地质条件对铅锌矿产的控制作用与控制方式。二叠系与铅锌成矿在空间分布和物质成分方面有着密切的联系,锰质钙铁辉石夕卡岩及火山沉积岩为铅锌成矿提供物质来源;燕山期岩浆侵入活动形成的中酸性侵入体为有利岩体;成矿带内多组方向断裂的交汇部位是矿化富集区,使得矿床以北东成带、东西成行,各矿床之间具有等距离的特点进行分布。由地质信息、地球化学信息及矿化信息构成的矿床级别的综合信息找矿模型,为成矿带内铅锌矿产预测提供了理论依据。     

后压浆技术在央视新台址主楼基础桩中的应用

灌注桩后压浆技术以其施工简便,承载力提高幅度大的特点,得到普遍应用。通过实际项目,对灌注桩不同桩长后注浆的现场试验研究,分析其承载变形特性,并在工程实践应用中得到成功。     

Study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） contents and sources in the surface so~l or l-lmznou City, South China, based on multivariate statistics analysis

Studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soil were conducted in Huizhou City, which is located in the Pearl River Delta, South China. Sixteen PAHs in 42 soil samples were detected. The results showed that 4 components of PAHs were detectable in all soil samples, and other 12 components were also detectable to some extent. The total PAHs contents range from 35.40 to 534.5 μg/kg with the mean value of 123.09 μg/kg. Soil in Huizhou was slightly polluted by PAHs according to Maliszewska-Kordybach’s study. It can be confirmed that the increase of PAHs contents in the surface soil of Huizhou City is closely connected to human activities. Multivariate analysis was also made in this study. Principal component analysis was used to constrain their origins, and 3 principal components (PCs) were extracted. The results showed that coal combustion and oil spilling made the major contributions to PAHs. Cluster analysis was made and 16 priority PAHs were classified as 4 sorts, and the result revealed the differences in environmental behavior, chemical properties and sources of PAHs.     

云南旱灾风险管理框架及对策研究

基于云南省近年来大范围持久性干旱的反思,分析云南省旱灾管理现状,借鉴国内外成功的旱灾风险管理实践经验,提出了推行云南省旱灾风险管理的必要性和可行性.并以风险管理理论为基础,将旱灾风险识别、风险评估、损失评估、风险决策与控制4个步骤为主线贯穿旱灾风险管理过程,构建了云南省旱灾风险管理框架.通过鱼骨图分析,从自然环境、社会经济2个类别识别判断影响云南省旱灾风险的10个因子.从风险管理理念、制度体系、预警与调度系统、科技支撑水平、应急水源和应急服务及灾后补偿保障6个方面提出了云南省旱灾风险管理行动对策,为云南省建立长效的抗旱减灾管理机制提供了重要建议.     

河北省城镇商业用地基准地价比率关系空间分布格局

基准地价作为我国城市地价体系的重要组成部分,是政府调控土地市场地价、引导和优化土地资源配置的依据.根据近年河北省115个城镇商业用地基准地价的最新动态,计算基准地价结构比率关系,统计归纳城镇地价内部变化的一般规律,并根据计算出的城市基准地价级别变化斜率或坡度,揭示其空间格局及形成机制.研究表明:不同的区位、不同的经济发展水平以及不同的聚集程度都会影响到地价的结构比率关系.总体来看,城市中心区到外围的地价变化坡度,全省可划分为陡、中、缓3个区域.     

Clustering of temporal event processes

A temporal point process is a sequence of points, each representing the occurrence time of an event. Each temporal point process is related to the behavior of an entity. As a result, clustering of temporal point processes can help differentiate between entities, thereby revealing patterns of behaviors. This study proposes a hierarchical cluster method for clustering temporal point processes based on the discrete Fréchet (DF) distance. The DF cluster method is divided into four steps: (1) constructing a DF similarity matrix between temporal point processes; (2) constructing a complete linkage hierarchical tree based on the DF similarity matrix; (3) clustering the point processes with a threshold determined by locating the local maxima on the curve of the pseudo-F statistic (an index which measures the separability between clusters and the compactness in clusters); and (4) identifying inner patterns for each cluster formed by a series of dense intervals, each of which contains at least one event of all processes of the cluster. The contributions of the article are: (1) the proposed DF cluster method can cluster temporal point processes into different groups and (2) more importantly, it can identify the inner pattern of each cluster. Two synthetic data sets were created to illustrate the DF distance between temporal point process clusters (the first data set) and validate the proposed DF cluster method (the second data set), respectively. An experiment and a comparison with a method based on dynamic time warping show that DF cluster successfully identifies the preconfigured patterns in the second synthetic data set. The cluster method was then applied to a population migration history data set for the Northern Plains of the United States, revealing some interesting population migration patterns.     

鲁豫交界地区深井水位持续大幅度下降原因分析

鲁豫交界地区豫01、11井和鲁27井等3口地震观测深井的水位于2006年后出现了准同步的异常下降变化,下降幅度3 ～12m不等.经调查落实,发现该地区近年来地热开采活动日益增强,开采量逐年增大,并且开采层与异常井水位观测层同属于奥陶系热储层.为此,本文依据聊城-兰考断裂带附近区域的水文地质构造特征,建立了三维地下水流动模型,基于周边地热开采量数据和相关含水层参数,运用有限差分方法计算了地热开采所引起的区域水位降落漏斗,并分析了水位下降异常的时间演化和空间分布特征.结果显示,聊城-兰考断裂带附近区域自1995年开始地热开采活动以来,其逐年增加的地热开采量与地震观测井水位的下降幅度之间存在较好的对应关系,分析认为鲁豫交界地区3口深井水位的准同步异常下降与周边地热开采活动有关.