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241.
Taiyuan city has experienced serious land subsidence since the 1950s, with the maximum accumulated subsidence of 2,960 mm and a total affected area of 585 km2 by 2003. Tectonic settlement was found to contribute about 1% and the major cause is over-exploitation of groundwater. The spatial–temporal relationship between the areal distribution of land subsidence and that of groundwater drawdown from 1956 to 2000 indicates that although land subsidence centers overall match groundwater depression cones, there are local deviations, and that although the time series curves are similar, land subsidence always lags behind groundwater level decline, with different lag time at different sites. The major findings of this work on the control of stratigraphic heterogeneity on the spatial pattern of land subsidence at Taiyuan include: (1) land subsidence centers shift from the corresponding groundwater depression cones to the sides with thicker accumulated clay layers; (2) under the same pumping rate, land subsidence at places with more clay interlayers and thinner individual interlayers is greater and the lag time shorter; and (3) land subsidence is closely related to the physical properties of clay soils. The Interbed Storage Package-1, a modular subroutine of MODFLOW was employed to simulate the areal distribution of individual layer compression. The modeling results show that compression of different clay layers has different contribution to land subsidence. Pumping groundwater from water-bearing zones close to the most compressible clay layers should therefore be carefully controlled.  相似文献   
242.
建筑工程沉降观测的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
胡锦修  滕风 《现代测绘》2006,29(3):25-26,32
根据本地实际地质状况,阐述了沉降观测在建筑工程中的作用,进行沉降观测工作的基本要求以及沉降观测中遇到的常见问题和解决办法。  相似文献   
243.
高原地形对四川盆地西部突发性暴雨影响的数值试验   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
用η模式对1995年8月24日四川盆地西部一次突发性暴雨进行了数值模拟和地形减半、无地形数值试验。由对数值模拟与试验的结果分析得出:(1)青藏高原地形有利于高原东麓暴雨区的扩大与强度加大。(2)高原地形对其以北的天气系统南伸和以南的天气系统北扩有阻碍作用。(3)高原地形可影响高原附近以东地区的物理特征场分布,从而影响暴雨区的位置与强度。  相似文献   
244.
保护地球环境与“净化”人类生存空间的思考   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:4  
人类生存环境与可持续发展是当代地球科学领域乃至人类最为关注的问题之一,因为近年来人类生存的空间受到严重破坏。本文通过对当代国际上和我国环境科学的发展与进程,存在问题与前景的概要分析,提出了环境的监测,治理与保护是一个四维空间的问题,而且是各向异性的,并涉及到众多学科领域,地球物理学在四维环境科学研究中在着重要作用,环境科学的综合研究已为必然,环境地球物理学已形成了一个新的学科分支,为了形成一个社会  相似文献   
245.
The research project for the preparation of two polymetallic nodule (GSPN-2, GSPN-3) and two marine sediment (GSMS-2, GSMS-3) reference materials was completed in 1996. The samples were collected from the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean and prepared to less than 74 μm fine powder. The homogeneity of the materials was tested by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) of measurements of selected elements in samples taken from thirty bottles selected at random were less than 0.5%. Thirty four laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative analysis programme. The number of elements or constituents analysed was seventy nine for nodules and eighty one for sediments. Among those, sixty three elements were certified in each sample. The sum of major elements or components is 99.7% for GSPN-2, 99.5% for GSPN-3, 99.8% for GSMS-2 and 99.8% for GSMS-3.  相似文献   
246.
珲春经济开发区环境地质问题研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
珲在经济开发区,在大力发展经济的同时,地质环境开始恶化,作者在系统调查的基础上,将全区划分为两个环境地质和五个环境地质亚区,详尽地记述了全区主要环境地质问题的现状,成因和发展趋势,同时有针对性地提出了一系列的防治对策和可行的建议。  相似文献   
247.
The May 20, 1986, Hualien earthquake sequence occurred on the northeastern coast of Taiwan. TheM=6.1 (GS mb) mainshock was followed by a large number of closely-clustered aftershocks with the largest being anM=5.5 event. One seismic station, TWD of the Taiwan Telemetered Seismographic Network, is located in the surface projection of the source region and provides excellent recordings of the entire earthquake sequence. These recordings, plus events occurring in the same source area preceding the mainshock, offer a unique opportunity to study the spatial and temporal variations of codaQ in a region of active subduction. A simple technique is devised that uses the envelope of the coda waveform to enable a quick determination of the codaQ from drum records. For recordings with a peak power at about 8 Hz, the following findings have been obtained: 1. The ambient codaQ near an active subduction region was as low as 145; 2. There was no significant decrease in codaQ within the period beginning one year and four months prior to the mainshock; 3. There was a significant drop of codaQ immediately after the mainshock; this drop lasted approximately two days before returning to the ambient level; 4. CodaQ values varied with focal depth.  相似文献   
248.
1IntroductionSongbaiTown—thecapitaloftheShengnongjiaforestdistrictisthecenteroflocalpolitics,eco nomicsandculture ,anditisalsoanimportanttourismbase.Butinrecentyears,thelocalinhabi tantsinthisareahavesufferedfromcalculusdiseaseoccasionallyandthediseaseseemstobeofmoreandmorefrequentoccurrence .Thisnotonlycausesmasspanicandinfluencesnormalworkandstudyofthelocalpeople ,butalsobringsaboutnegativeeffectsontouristindustryofthisareaandrestrictsthedevelopmentoflocaleconomy .Inordertounderstandthesta…  相似文献   
249.
Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the increasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, Water body and stream sediment. An environmental geochemical investiga-tion was carried out in and around the Panzhihua mining and smelting area to determine the ex-tent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to in-vestigate the environmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil andsediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal con-centrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly contaminated. Geo-chemical maps of Igeo of each heavy metal show that the contaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of the selected elementscome mainly from dusts resultant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The areaneeds to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment.  相似文献   
250.
黄河流域空气污染的空间格局演化及影响因素   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
滕堂伟  谌丹华  胡森林 《地理科学》2021,41(10):1852-1861
基于2008—2017年黄河流域工业SO2和PM2.5两类典型空气污染物数据,首先刻画了两者的空间演化格局,并运用空间面板杜宾模型(SPDM)从直接效应和间接效应两方面对两者的影响因素进行对比分析。结果表明:① 工业SO2和PM2.5污染均存在显著的空间集聚特征,从东南至西北方向呈现梯度递减趋势;二者在城市尺度均存在显著的正向空间关联性,但PM2.5污染的空间关联性比工业SO2更强;② 2008—2017年,工业SO2和PM2.5污染有所缓解,其中工业SO2排放强度迅速下降;而PM2.5质量浓度下降相对缓慢,仍是黄河流域主要的空气污染源。③ 产业结构、技术创新、能源效率、人口规模、经济发展、工业规模等是影响黄河流域空气污染的主要因素,但PM2.5的影响因素更加复杂多样化。其中,技术创新能力和经济发展水平的提升虽然在研究期内加剧了本地工业SO2污染的排放强度,但却能缓解周边城市的工业SO2和PM2.5污染;工业规模的扩大会加剧本地和邻近城市的PM2.5污染。  相似文献   
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