动态GPS精密单点定位三种星历精度差异分析

针对传统的动态GPS中采用不同星历的定位精度问题,给出了无电离层模型数学方程,改正了电离层延迟、对流层延迟、多路径效应、相对论效应以及天线相位中心偏差等误差的影响,采用扩展Kalman滤波解算出每个历元时刻接收机坐标。采用Rapid、Final与RTS共3种不同星历产品计算KPPP,比较了3种不同星历解算结果。对比实验表明:使用Rapid星历计算KPPP结果与Final星历计算结果偏差很小,处于2cm之内,故在时效性要求较高的动态GPS工程应用中可以采用Rapid星历替代Final星历;而使用RTS星历计算结果与Final星历计算结果偏差1.3m,使用RTS星历定位精度低于Final、Rapid星历计算结果,但其具有实时定位的明显优势。     

施甸地震强震观测记录及其初步分析

在2001年4月12日发生的施甸5．9级地震中，依据地震预报意见布设在滇西的短临跟踪临时强震台网获取了该次地震的强地面运动记录，最大加速度峰值达515gal(未校正），获取大于500gal主震记录，这在我国还是首次，对记录的情况作了简要的介绍。     

Application of the Geo-Anomaly Unit Concept in Quantitative Delineation and Assessment of Gold Ore Targets in Western Shandong Uplift Terrain,Eastern China

A number of large and giant ore deposits have been discovered within the relatively small areas of lithospheric structure anomalies, including various boundary zones of tectonic plates. The regions have become the well-known intercontinental ore-forming belts, such as the circum-Pacific gold–copper, copper–molybdenum, and tungsten–tin metallogenic belts. These belts are typical geological anomalous areas. An investigation into the hydrothermal ore deposits in different regions in the former Soviet Union illustrated that the geologic structures of ore fields of almost all major commercial deposits have distinct features compared with the neighboring areas. These areas with distinct features are defined as geo-anomalies. A geo-anomaly refers to such a geologic body or a combination of bodies that their composition, texture–structure, and genesis are significantly different from those of their surroundings. A geo-anomaly unit (GU) is an area containing distinct features that can be delineated with integrated ore-forming information using computer techniques on the basis of the geo-anomaly concept. Herein, the GU concept is illustrated by a case study of delineating the gold ore targets in the western Shandong uplift terrain, eastern China. It includes: (1) analyses of gold ore-forming factors; (2) compilation of normalized regional geochemical map and extraction of geochemical anomalies; (3) compilation of gravitational and aeromagnetic tectonic skeleton map and extraction of gravitational and aeromagnetic anomalies; (4) extraction of circular and linear anomalies from remote-sensing Landsat TM images; (5) establishment of a geo-anomaly conceptual model associated with known gold mineralization; (6) establishment of gold ore-forming favorability by computing techniques; and (7) delineation and assessment of ore-forming units. The units with high favorability are suggested as ore targets.     

国外有关海气系统年代际变率的机制研究

对近期国外有关年代际变率机制的诊断和模拟研究作了综合评述 ,着重介绍形成年代际变率的 5种主要机制 ,即热带海洋的强迫作用、中纬度的海气相互作用、温盐环流的作用、热带—中纬度的相互作用、海气之间的随机强迫作用机制 ,并简单阐述了作者的有关看法     

利用Logistic回归方法的高速桥（路）面结冰风险等级预警模型

为提升湖北省高速公路交通气象预报服务能力,丰富高速公路沿线桥、路面结冰预警预报产品,开展特色专业气象服务,利用武英高速凤凰关交通气象站2009—2011年3年冬季桥、路面温度观测数据,基于Logistic回归模型解析了桥、路面结冰温度条件频率随环境气温的变化规律,建立了道路结冰温度条件风险概率模型,并由此构建了武英高速桥(路)面结冰风险等级预警模型,得到以下结论。武英高速公路桥面先于路面结冰的临界环境气温存在2℃差效应,桥(路)面结冰温度条件的低、中、高风险频率对应环境气温3基点为1℃(-1℃)、-0.6℃(-2.7℃)、-2.2℃(-4.4℃)。环境气温降低到0.3~-1.6℃(-1.7~-3.8℃)是武英高速桥(路)面结冰频率变化的快增期,-0.6℃(-2.7℃)左右是桥(路)面结冰频率变化最敏感基点。研究以等级形式发布武英高速公路桥、路面结冰风险预警产品,用户可根据条件主动选择防范或规避风险。     

变化环境下东江流域水文干旱特征及缺水响应

在干旱事件不确定性和枯期径流变异性的双重影响下,水文干旱特征时序非一致性问题为其联合分布模拟带来困难。基于东江干流测站日径流过程数据,采用游程理论提取水文干旱事件,并结合干旱特征均值变化、时序一致性分析及边缘分布模拟,以确定干旱事件融合及剔除评判标准的合理取值。基于Rosenblatt变换Cramer-von Mises检验统计量拟合方法,构建水文干旱特征两变量联合分布Copula模型,并根据同频法设计两变量组合值。通过对比枯期径流变点分隔子序列干旱特征,分析变化环境下东江流域水文干旱特征及缺水响应。结果表明:水文干旱事件融合和剔除的评判标准值分别取0.1和0.3比较合理。干旱特征两变量之间具有较高的正相关性,但不同时间系列不同变量之间的联合分布及边缘分布最优模型并不一致。流域水库尤其是新丰江水库的径流调节作用,对于缓解东江中下游水文干旱效果明显,超阈联合重现期为2年的设计干旱持续时间、总缺水量和最大日缺水量分别减少了63%~71%、71%~84%和30%~47%,但如果要满足东江河道内最小管理流量目标,其依然分别达到了12~18 d、6 114万~9 030万m3和715.0万~929.0万m3。     

河南舞阳铁矿赵案庄组含矿层的岩石矿物组合特征及成矿作用

赵案庄型铁矿是河南舞阳铁矿床中重要的铁矿类型。通过采取矿区含矿岩层岩性标本,运用岩石学、岩石成岩理论、变质相的新理论对各种岩石标本进行偏光镜下的岩矿鉴定,分析各种岩石的矿物组合、岩石的结构构造、矿物的生成顺序、矿物的结晶力和变晶相系,确定不同含矿层的岩石组合,推断其变质程度,初步划分变质相;同时分析成矿组分在不同矿物之间的转换过程,建立初步成矿模式。总结了赵案庄组含矿层的岩石矿物组合特征,厘定了研究区含矿变质岩系的变质级、变质相系,初步分析各类变质岩中矿物组合在变质作用过程中的变化,确定区内各类变质岩的原岩类型;同时分析了成矿组分铁质来源、铁质在原岩的成岩作用及随后的区域变质作用过程的变化,不同矿质来源与矿石特征、矿体产出形态的关系,为深部找矿提供参考。     

Combined impact of climate change,cultivar shift,and sowing date on spring wheat phenology in Northern China

Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China (NC). The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day (10 yr)^?1. Moreover, while the vegetative growth period (VGP) shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period (RGP) prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period (WGP) of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM)-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC. Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat. Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages (i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP) of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures (cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments) could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity.     

同位素稀释热电离质谱法测定锡石U-Pb年龄探索

针对我国锡多金属矿床的定年问题,建立一种采用同位素稀释热电离质谱(ID-TIMS)法进行锡石U-Pb同位素定年的方法,并与激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)法进行对比验证。由于采用化学处理技术分别纯化了U和Pb,减少了普通铅的影响,大大提高了分析测定精度。将该方法应用于某地区石英-锡石-黑钨矿脉的锡石样品分析,获得了精确的U-Pb年龄值。