关节软坚止痛片对兔膝骨关节炎关节液中IL-6及TNF-α的影响

目的：观察关节软坚止痛片对兔膝骨关节炎（KOA）模型血清及关节液中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的影响。方法：将40只新西兰兔随机分为5组：空白组、模型组、玻璃酸钠组（对照组）及关节软坚止痛片低、高剂量组（简称为低、高剂量组）,每组各8只。采用屈曲位石膏铁丝固定法建立兔KOA模型后进行药物干预。观察比较各组肉眼下股骨内外髁组织,血清及关节液中IL-6、TNF-α含量,光镜下软骨组织形态学及Mankin''s评分。结果：各组血清及关节液中IL-6、TNF-α水平及Mankin''s评分比较,模型组均高于空白组、对照组及低、高剂量组（P<0.05）,对照组均高于低、高剂量组（P<0.05）,低、高剂量组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肉眼下股骨内外髁组织观察及光镜下软骨组织形态学观察结果显示：对照组及高、低剂量组均优于模型组,高、低剂量组均优于对照组。结论：关节软坚止痛片可治疗兔膝骨关节炎,其疗效优于玻璃酸钠注射液治疗,其作用机制可能与抑制IL-6、TNF-α等炎性因子表达有关。     

POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF FEBRUARY-APRIL ARCTIC OSCILLATION ON THE ITCZ ACTIVITY OF WESTERN-CENTRAL PACIFIC

The daily patterns and activity of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) in the Western-Central Pacific Ocean are analyzed using NOAA interpolated Outgoing Longwave Radiation dataset during the period from 1979 to 2008, and the relationships between ITCZ patterns and Arctic Oscillation(AO) is investigated in this paper. In accordance with the central activity region the daily ITCZ can be divided into six patterns—north, south, equator, double, full and weak pattern, respectively. The statistic result shows that the north(accounting for 30.98% of the total observations), south(31.11%) and weak(24.05%) ITCZ patterns are the most active daily patterns within a 30-year period, while the other three ITCZ patterns occur infrequently. Results show that the February-April AO index has a significant positive(negative) correlation with the frequency of the north(weak) ITCZ pattern from March-May to August-October, with the strongest correlation in April-June(March-May). At the same time, the lower tropospheric atmosphere circulation(850-hPa wind field) and SST anomalies corresponding to the AO change significantly in the tropical Pacific. When AO is in the positive phase, there is an anomalous westerly from the equator to 15°N and warmer SST in the critical north ITCZ active region, while there is an anomalous easterly and insignificant change of SST from the equator to 15°S. The wind and SST anomalies share the same characteristics of the equatorial asymmetry and thus enlarge the gradient between the south and north of equator, which would help reinforce convection in the north of equator and result in more frequent occurrence of the northern type of ITCZ.     

Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Plant Functional Traits in Freshwater Wetland of Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen（N） enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits（plant height and aboveground biomass）, leaf morphological（specific leaf area（SLA） and leaf dry mass content（LDMC）） and chemical traits（leaf N concentration（LNC） and leaf phosphorus（P） concentration（LPC）） of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates（0 g N/（m^2·yr）, 6 g N/（m^2·yr）, 12 g N/（m^2·yr） and 24 g N/（m^2·yr）） in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands.     

基于CA模型的佛山市建设用地动态变化研究

元胞自动机具有能模拟复杂动态系统的强大能力,本文采用了多约束条件的元胞自动机模型,以广东佛山市2000年、2006年和2012年建设用地的变化为例,从自然、社会经济发展等方面综合考虑选取了高程、坡度、人口密度、道路交通、水系等对城市建设用地发展变化起决定作用的诸多因子,利用马尔科夫概率矩阵计算2000年~2006年建设用地变化,推算建设用地转移总量。结合Logistic-CA模型和决策树-CA模型,预测模拟了2012年的建设用地分布并与实际相比较,分析其整体精度和误差来源。结果显示基于CA模型的建设用地动态发展模拟具有良好的效果,可以为城市的发展规划,过程演变提供虚拟的实验手段和科学依据。     

基于Γ函数的暖季小时降水概率分布

我国暖季小时降水的气候概率分布特征分析是开展短时强降水概率预报的重要基础工作。本文使用1991—2009年5月1日至9月30日的小时降水资料,采用最大似然估计方法,对用于描述518个观测站点降水分布的Γ函数的形状参数α和尺度参数β进行了估算,对极端α和β分布情况下大于0.1 mm的暖季小时降水的概率密度分布状况及其累积概率密度分布函数进行了分析,并给出了多个站点基于Γ函数的超过给定阈值的降水累积概率的分布。结果表明:α和β之间的相关性高达0.975,其分布与我国的地势分布有很大的关系。Γ分布可以很好地描述小时降水的分布状况,模拟得到的结果具有更好的连续性,揭示了实况降水中不能观测到的极端降水发生的可能性;华南沿海和海南西北部为最容易出现短时强降水的区域,在有降水的情况下,其小时雨量超过10、20和30 mm的累积概率分别达到了8.0%、2.0%和0.7%,另一个常出现极端降水的区域为鲁苏皖交界处,这是强对流预报中值得注意的区域;95%累积概率密度对应的小时降水阈值分布显示,自西北向东南,极端小时降水的阈值不断增大;α与站点海拔高度之间具有很好的指数相关性,其相关系数达到了0.709,表明地形对我国暖季小时降水量的分布具有重要的影响。     

基于北京二号影像辅助nDSM的建筑物自动提取

针对建筑物提取方法缺乏泛化性的问题,本文提出了将nDSM、北京二号影像、NDVI、BAI的七通道图像相结合作为数据源的提取方法。采用随机森林、梯度提升机、支持向量机、BP神经网络分类器对建筑物进行提取获取最佳分类器模型,并运用二值化与开闭运算,以建筑物面积与最小外接矩形面积的比值为阈值,对建筑物分别进行最小外接矩形、DP算法拟合,优化建筑物提取结果。试验结果表明,梯度提升机(GBDT)较其他分类模型在不同场景下综合效果较好,F-score精度更高。     

西藏主要含煤岩系及其成煤环境初探

西藏煤系分布广泛,本文通过对西藏煤系的初步研究,主要从煤系地层、岩石组成以及煤系沉积特点三个方面对马查拉煤系、妥坝煤系、土门煤系、多尼煤系四个主要的西藏煤系进行初步探讨。认为马查拉煤系的沉积环境属浅海-海陆交互相沉积,妥坝煤系不仅具有海陆过渡相之滨岸三角洲带-碎屑潮坪-潮坪泻湖相沉积,还具有滨岸碳酸盐潮坪-碳酸盐台地的滨海-浅海清水沉积的特征,土门煤系则是下部以浅海相沉积为主,中部以海陆交互相沉积为主,上部以陆相沉积为主,多尼煤系则是滨海与海陆过渡相沉积。     

藏北龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带发现晚石炭世—早二叠世洋岛型岩石组合

天泉群岛出露于龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带的中西段,也是目前该缝合带上所发现的第一套洋岛型岩石组合。通过野外踏勘、剖面测制等对天泉群岛进行了较为详细的研究,结果显示,天泉群岛由9个孤立、岩石组合不同的洋岛组成,其中独泉沟洋岛、屏风岭洋岛的洋岛组分齐全,见玄武岩、灰岩、砾岩、硅质岩等,其他洋岛的洋岛组分不全。天泉群岛与展金组复理石沉积为整合接触,表明其形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世。天泉群岛的厘定,说明龙木错—双湖—澜沧江大洋在晚石炭世—早二叠世仍具有成熟的洋壳。该项研究进一步丰富了龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带的演化内容,为反演区域地质演化历史提供了依据。     

Causes of geothermal fields and characteristics of ground temperature fields in China

There are many arguments on energy sources and main controlling factors of geothermal fields, so a systematic study on the distribution of ground temperature fields shall be necessary. In this paper the thermal conduction forward method of geothermal field is used to simulate cooling rate of abnormal heat sources and heat transfer of the paleo-uplift model. Combined with a large number of geothermal field exploration cases and oil exploration well temperature curves of domestic and foreign, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) According to the magmatic activity time, the magmatism activities are divided into two categories: Magma active areas (activity time < 500 000 years) and weak/magma inactive areas (activity time > 500 000 years). The latter has a fast cooling rate (the cooling time of the magma pocket buried around 10 km is less than 200 000 years) after it has intruded into the shallow layer and it has no direct contribution to modern geothermal fields; (2) China belongs to a weak/magma inactive area such as Tengchong region and Qinghai-Tibet region because the chronological data of these regions show that its magma activity time is more than 500 000 years; (3) The temperature of most geothermal fields can be obviously divided into three segments in the vertical direction: A high geothermal gradient segment (Segment H) at the surface, then a low geothermal gradient segment (Segment L) at a secondary depth, and finally a lower temperature segment (Segment D) at a deeper depth. The temperature isoline presents a mirror reflection relation on the temperature profile, indicating that geothermal field is dominated by heat conduction, rather than having an abnormally high temperature “heat source” to provide heat; (4) Near-surface (0-5 km) materials’ lateral heterogeneity caused by tectonic movement shall probably be the main controlling factor of ground temperature fields.     

安徽姑山矿浆型铁矿床Fe同位素初步研究

文章报道了宁芜矿集区内姑山矿浆型铁矿床中的铁氧化物、辉石闪长玢岩和赋矿围岩的Fe同位素组成,其δ57Fe的总体分布范围为-0.05‰~0.79‰。结果显示,姑山铁矿床的铁氧化物赤铁矿和镜铁矿均比硅酸盐岩浆结晶产物(辉石闪长岩)富集重的Fe同位素,并且硅酸盐岩浆的Fe同位素组成比已报道的火山岩的平均Fe同位素组成更富集轻的Fe同位素,表明在岩浆不混溶的过程中Fe同位素发生了分馏,富铁熔体相对富集重的Fe同位素,而硅酸盐熔体相对富集轻的Fe同位素;相对于赋矿地层(黄马青组石英砂岩)和辉石闪长玢岩,赤铁矿和镜铁矿更富集重的Fe同位素,围岩地层和闪长岩岩体则富集轻的Fe同位素。因此,姑山铁矿床的铁质不大可能来自于地层或闪长玢岩岩体,而主要来源于深部岩浆房。