Geochemical and Isotopic Techniques Constraints on the Origin, Evolution, and Residence Time of Low-enthalpy Geothermal Water in Western Wugongshan, SE China

Geothermal resources are increasingly gaining attention as a competitive, clean energy source to address the energy crisis and mitigate climate change. The Wugongshan area, situated in the southeast coast geothermal belt of China, is a typical geothermal anomaly and contains abundant medium- and low-temperature geothermal resources. This study employed hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to explore the cyclic evolution of geothermal water in the western Wugongshan region, encompassing the recharge origin, water–rock interaction mechanisms, and residence time. The results show that the geothermal water in the western region of Wugongshan is weakly alkaline, with low enthalpy and mineralization levels. The hydrochemistry of geothermal waters is dominated by Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4, while the hydrochemistry types of cold springs are all Na-HCO3. The hydrochemistry types of surface waters and rain waters are Na-HCO3 or Ca-HCO3. The δD and δ18O values reveal that the geothermal waters are recharged by atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 550.0 and 1218.6 m. Molar ratios of major solutes and isotopic compositions of 87Sr/86Sr underscore the significant role of silicate weathering, dissolution, and cation exchange in controlling geothermal water chemistry. Additionally, geothermal waters experienced varying degrees of mixing with cold water during their ascent. The δ13C values suggest that the primary sources of carbon in the geothermal waters were biogenic and organic. The δ34S value suggests that the sulfates in geothermal water originate from sulfide minerals in the surrounding rock. Age dating using 3H and 14C isotopes suggests that geothermal waters have a residence time exceeding 1 kaBP and undergo a long-distance cycling process.     

数字检波器在地震勘探中的应用效果

随着地震勘探精度的要求和发展,对地震仪器和检波器的要求也不断提高,只有接收到来自地下的有效反射信号,尤其是深层的高频弱反射信号,才能通过室内处理达到提高勘探精度的目的。数字检波器具有直接输出数字、高保真矢量场、感应器倾斜校正等特点,其动态范围与目前最先进的地震仪器相匹配,对来自地下的地震波没有改造,真实地记录了地震波的特性。针对数字检波器的特性进行了系统试验,通过试验效果分析认为:在信噪比方面,单个数字检波器与单个普通检波器无明显的差别,但单个数字检波器的信噪比明显低于多个普通检波器组合的信噪比;在能量方面,单个数字检波器的能量相当于多个普通检波器组合的能量;在频率方面,教字检波器比普通检波器的频带宽,可以预测,数字检波器将广泛地应用于高分辨率地震勘探中。     

应用Argo资料分析西北太平洋冬、夏季水团

应用Argo剖面浮标观测的温、盐度资料,分析了西北太平洋海域冬、夏季的温、盐度分布、水团结构及其分布。首先采用T-S点聚图法分析了该海域水团分布的基本情况,由点聚分析结果可知,该海域至少存在6种以上水团;再用模糊聚类软化法对水团作进一步划分,分别计算了该海域6至11类水团的F和△F值,结果表明,冬、夏季的△F值都以划分为8类时为最大,这与大洋水团的稳定性是一致的,因此,该海域冬、夏季水团以划分为8类最佳,它们分别是北太平洋热带表层水、北太平洋次表层水、北太平洋中层水、北太平洋副热带模态水、北太平洋深层水和赤道表层水,以及南太平洋次表层水和南太平洋中层水。     

南黄海前新生代地震采集技术研究

根据南黄海区域地质特征、南黄海海相中一古生代碳酸盐岩地层构造与地球物理特征,在分析了前期的地震成果和经验的基础上,进行了采集参数的研究,设计了适用于前新生代地震勘探目标层的地震采集参数,进行了地震资料采集,取得了品质良好的地震资料。     

黑河流域土地利用变化对土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响——元分析（英文）

Land use and cover change(LUCC) is an important indicator of the human-earth system under climate/environmental change,which also serves as a key impact factor of carbon balance,and a major source/sink of soil carbon cycles.The Heihe River Basin(HRB) is known as a typical ecologically fragile area in the arid/semi-arid regions of northwestern China,which makes it more sensitive to the LUCC.However,its sensitivity varies in a broad range of controlling factors,such as soil layers,LUCCs and calculation methods(e.g.the fixed depth method,FD,and the equivalent mass method,ESM).In this study,we performed a meta-analysis to assess the response of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) storage to the LUCC as well as method bias based on 383 sets of SOC data and 148 sets of TN data from the HRB.We first evaluated the calculation methods and found that based on the FD method,the LUCC caused SOC and TN storage to decrease by 17.39% and 14.27%,respectively;while the losses estimated using the ESM method were 19.31% and 18.52%,respectively.The deviations between two methods were mainly due to the fact that the FD method ignores the heterogeneity of soil bulk density(BD),which may underestimate the results subsequently.We then analyzed the response of SOC and TN storage to various types of the LUCC.In particular,when woodland and grassland were converted into cultivated land or other land types,SOC and TN suffered from heavy losses,while other LUCCs had minor influences.Finally,we showed that increasing the depth of the soil layers would reduce the losses of SOC and TN storage.In summary,we identified a series of controlling factors(e.g.soil layer,the LUCC and calculation method) to evaluate the impact of the LUCC on SOC and TN storage in the HRB,which should be considered in future research.     

Reverse-Time Migration of Converted S-Waves of Varying Densities

Ocean-Bottom Node(OBN) acquisitions provide both non-converted and converted reflection energy. There is a clear advantage to independently imaging both P-and S-waves, as they provide more information collectively than either does alone. In many conventional converted-wave pre-stack migration algorithms, density is treated as a constant, which is not the real-life case on earth. S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection because it helps in the identification of porefilling fluids. In this paper, we focused on the effect of density on imaging, and developed a method of reverse-time migration(RTM) on converted s-waves of varying densities(VD-RTMCS). Phase correction was required prior to pre-stack migration to avoid constructive interference between data from adjacent sources. Synthetic data examples showed that when density variations were included, image profiles showed advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, vertical resolution and imaging of complex structures.     

300 BC-1900 AD无定河流域城镇时空格局演变

通过分析和整理从战国中晚期（约300 BC）至清末（约1900 AD）无定河流域历代县级及以上城址的位置、兴废年代数据,结合行政区划沿革、经济社会发展、政权更迭等资料,分析流域城镇格局的时空演变过程。研究表明：① 受气候周期性波动影响,无定河流域城镇的兴起与衰废具有明显的周期性特征,城镇几何中心的移动轨迹具有明显的“西北—东南”向潮汐性运动特征;② 城址存续年限普遍较短,具有明显的阶段性特征,流域内曾存在过4个阶段性中心城镇,中心城镇移动的方向和过程与城镇几何中心的潮汐性移动过程趋势一致;③ 流域城镇空间格局可分为3种类型,即秦汉与隋唐时期的沿河流谷地分布,宋、明两代的沿边境线与长城分布,以及元、清两代集中于流域下游分布。流域城镇未来的发展布局应重视气候变化对城镇分布的长期影响,关注区域环境的脆弱性,合理安排城镇体系发展规模与布局。     

山东省产业生态化时空分异特征与影响因素——基于17地市时空面板数据

本文综合构建了产业生态化评价指标体系,并利用熵值法、耦合协调分析、探索性空间数据分析方法、空间计量等多种计量方法对2005—2016年山东省17地级市产业生态化水平时空分异特征与影响因素进行了综合研究,结果表明：① 产业生态化依赖于产业化物质消耗型规模增长,但不以结构优化为基础的产业化势必忽视经济要素的横向转移反馈作用与集群效应,导致资源配置的低效现象;② 产业生态化水平逐年递增反映出产业系统与生态环境系统由拮抗向良性共轭方向发展,但其增长率较低说明了产业轻型化与清型化进程滞缓,其质量提升之路漫长而艰巨;③ 产业生态化呈现东中西递减的空间梯度分异特征,东部沿海地区始终是热点区,西部地区尤其是鲁西南地区始终是冷点区;④ 产业生态化水平空间相关性较为显著,经济发展水平、产业结构、外商投资等因素负向溢出效应比较明显,而政府调控以及环境规制强度等因素正向溢出效应突出。     

基于Pearson关联模型的长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业发展的影响因素

为优化长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局,促进区域海洋经济的转型升级,文章采用Pearson关联模型,选取2014年长三角地区11个沿海城市的代表性数据,分别计算和分析海洋战略性新兴产业增加值与其影响因素的相关系数,并提出建议。研究结果表明:长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业发展较好,但存在增速较缓和区域不平衡等问题;与长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业增加值极强相关和强相关的主要为经济发展水平和科技支撑力度2个方面的影响因素;长三角地区海洋战略性新兴产业布局应优先考虑经济和科技较发达的城市,并逐渐带动和辐射其他沿海城市和周边内陆城市,促进整体发展。     

深圳杨梅坑海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻分类和遗传多样性研究

通过核糖体ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer)的核苷酸序列研究了深圳杨梅坑海域20种47个造礁石珊瑚样本的共生藻。通过ITS序列分析,与GenBank上的4种不同的共生藻构建Neighbor-Joining聚类树,进行石珊瑚共生藻分类和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,该海域的造礁石珊瑚共生藻属于2种不同的种类(亚系群),19个样品属于C1亚系群共生藻,1个样品属于C15亚系群共生藻,C1和C15两个亚系群共生藻之间的遗传距离为0. 01。将深圳杨梅坑海域得到的ITS序列与NCBI数据库上的福建东山海域、广东徐闻地区的C1系共生藻进行比对,只有深圳杨梅坑海域藻类样本平均(A+T)碱基含量为49. 4%,(A+T)含量小于(G+C)含量。构建Neighbor-Joining聚类树表明,深圳杨梅坑海域石珊瑚共生藻与福建东山海域的亲缘关系较近,而与广东徐闻地区的亲缘关系较远,地理隔离是主要的因素。