δ13c-δ18O Covariance:An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?

The correlation between the Δ13c and 18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity.The influence of these factors on the Δ13c-δ18 correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhal and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the Δ13c-Δ18o correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the Δ13c and Δ18o in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and inLake Chenghal (closed lake). This suggests that the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant Δ13c and δ18 as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the Δ13c-δ18 covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghal. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between Δ13c and δ18 because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the Δ13c shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be the buffering feeect of high CO2 concentration on the 13Cshift in hyper-alkaline lakes.We should be prudent when we use the covariance between 13C and 18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.     

Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China’s Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China, data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur, arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected, tested for content, and analyzed. Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur; the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content; that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal; and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content; other regions have low sulfur coal. The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China＇s coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world, whereas the content of various elements （Hg, Sb and Se） is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust. The average content of the elements Cr, Se, Co, Be, U, Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and CI in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest. The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China. The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

潜水面对储层压力的作用机制

潜水面与地表不一致会使储层压力产生异常,给煤层气勘探开发造成影响。从异常压力的成因机理入手,应用理论分析与实例解剖相结合的方法,通过不同系统中潜水面对储层压力的作用机制研究,分析了开放系统中区域潜水面变化所引起的储层压力变化规律,反映了盆地水动力场作用下的储层压力系统的动态演化过程,指出潜水面变化是储层异常压力形成的重要机制。     

河南镇平秋树湾矿区铜、钼矿床地质特征及深部找矿潜力分析

秋树湾矿区是一座中型规模的铜、钼矿床。在水平方向上矿区具北铜南钼的分布特征,即北山铜矿床和南山钼矿床;从垂向上看,北山铜矿床深部赋存有规模较大的钼矿体,并具垂直分带现象,即上铜下钼。这主要是矿区成矿后,构造活动使南山赋矿区向上逆冲,使其上部的铜矿体被剥蚀,而北山赋矿区上部的矿体则保存了下来。因此,研究认为,在北山铜矿区的下部及南山钼矿区中深部寻找隐伏钼矿床具有较大潜力。     

成像光谱矿物填图精度兼与矿物丰度关系初探

成像光谱遥感技术在岩石矿物识别和矿物填图方面发挥着越来越大作用,而成像光谱矿物填图的精度问题一直是研究的焦点。文章利用高光谱数据HyMap对新疆东天山地区的矿物填图结果,通过引入矿物填绘分布强度的概念,探索性的分析了成像光谱矿物填图与填绘矿物丰度的关系。     

建立影像地图集生产系统,提高实践性教学质量

结合《苏州市影像地图集》的设计和研制,着重讨论基于新技术进行影像地图集生产的软硬件环境,以及通过对新技术的生产流程、过程控制方法等关键环节的技术研究和实践,建立了影像地图集生产实践教学系统。该系统为教师提供了先进的科学研究、技术开发和技术应用环境和条件,为开展实践性教学和进行地图集设计、生产提供理论和技术指导。     

基于GIS的地下矿体体积计算

利用GIS手段,通过钻井数据和地面高程数据计算地下矿体储量的方法。根据地质钻探得到的钻井数据及相应区域的地面高程数据建立矿体DEM,利用GIS软件ArcView中的三维分析、空间分析模块,求取矿体体积,并对矿体进行了三维可视化显示。实验表明,基于GIS的地下矿体体积计算方法有很大便利性,有利于实现地质体空间属性的统计分析及分析过程的可视性。     

江西省地质灾害-气象预警预报系统研究

论文采用了降雨特征（用降雨诱发指数表征）与地质环境条件（以地质灾害敏感性指数表征）进行叠加、分析,确定预警预报等级,建立地质灾害-预警预报模型的方法;提出了预警产品制作与发布、多普勒雷达跟踪、应急指导、反馈信息收集、灾情调查的地质灾害气象预警预报工作程序。对近几年江西省地质灾害-预警预报效果分析,总结了地质灾害-预警预报成功与失败的经验教训,提出今后的工作设想与建议。应用基于GIS的地质灾害预警预报系统已在近几年的地质灾害-气象预警预报中不断完善,预警预报精度得到提高,防灾减灾效果明显,对保护人民生命财产安全发挥了重要作用。     

基于UML的地质数据库设计方法的研究

为了存储和管理复杂的地质数据需要一个合理有效的数据模型,以确保数据库中的所有数据时象得到精确和完整的表达。本文讨论了用UML的面向对象的方法来设计,给出了基于GeoDatabase模型建立地质数据库的具体过程。     

基于颜色和标志边缘特征的交通标志检测

首先利用禁令标志明显的红色边界和白色区域分别并行地提取可能的交通标志颜色,然后对其两者融合,其目的是减少漏检率;融合后的影像通过Canny算子提取其边界,再根据边界的圆形度参数判断是否为圆形区域.实验结果显示,本算法能够很好地检测和定位禁令标志.