不同近岸河床组成情况下岸坡崩塌试验

在弯道水槽中开展6组试验,分别用非黏性土及黏性土填筑河床,研究相同水力作用下近岸河床组成对黏性岸坡崩塌的影响规律。研究发现,在试验给定的岸坡及河床组成情况下,非黏性河床凹冲凸淤且总体表现为淤积,近岸河床及凹岸岸坡冲刷强度大,凸岸附近床面上泥沙掺混较明显;黏性河床及凹岸岸坡均被冲刷,河床主流区冲刷强度比近岸河床及凹岸岸坡大。相较于黏性河床,非黏性河床近凹岸处较易冲刷,水流结构重新调整,凹岸坡脚处水流流速及紊动能可增至2倍左右,环流强度可增至11倍,加速了岸坡崩塌及崩塌体的分解输移;非黏性河床近凹岸坡脚处变形以及凹岸岸坡崩塌量均相对较大,岸坡崩塌强度为河床淤积强度的2~4倍,崩塌物质可充分补给河床的泥沙来源;经水力冲刷后非黏性河床组成情况下形成的河道滩槽高差相对较小,河道横断面相对宽浅。     

Review on Montane Forest Eco-hydrology in Arid Area

Since the forest eco-hydrology of arid area shows a well sensitivity of the global climate change, the relationship between forest and water and the hydrological function has attracted the attention of academic communites and management departments. This paper expounds the research progress in arid mountain forest eco-hydrology, and analyses the formation and stable mechanism of forest patch pattern, the relationship between forest and water yield and the response of forest eco-hydrology to climate change from three aspects: Forest spatial pattern, hydrological process and its response to climate change. In addition, combined with the current research progress, the research emphases in the future are put forward: Strengthening the research on the coupling of vegetation pattern and hydrological process; solving the scale problem by using remote sensing technique and model; enhancing the understanding towards the hydrological function of forest; determining the suitable forest scale which can balance the relationship of ecology and hydrological effect.     

腾冲火山构造区马站岩浆囊地球物理特征的再探讨

云南腾冲火山盆地深部存在岩浆囊是人们关注的问题,多方面进行了大量的研究且存在不同意见。作者此前依据低电阻异常推断出位于小空山、大空山、黑空山等火山口的下部,深13~30 km范围内东西向25 km,南北向30km的低电阻率的岩浆囊,其东侧为大盈江断裂。文章利用反射地震、重力、航空磁测资料进一步探讨了岩浆囊的其他地球物理特征。由于火山喷发,不仅在火山口附近形成了局部物质亏损,而且,岩浆囊本身也亏损了岩浆物质,在重力上延图中滤去了表层的火山局部负重力异常后,呈现出大空山北侧的与低阻体相对应的负重力异常,这与岩浆囊高温熔融状态含水低密度物质有密切关系。整体的重力负异常印证了低阻岩浆囊的存在。腾冲马站岩浆囊的温度为397~651°C,平均温度为524°C,其主体中心部位不可能存在磁性体。对航磁资料的处理,消除表层火山岩影响后,仍然发现有较强磁异常,其平面投影范围与低阻体相近,推断磁异常是岩浆囊顶层,在15 km深度以上范围内,随着岩浆囊体温度逐步下降,当低于480°C以后会形成新的铁磁性矿物,因此,在囊体上层出现了范围与囊体相近的较强的磁性体。反射地震仅仅在浅部较清楚地观测到较连续的反射波界面,是浅部火山岩、含水层、以及花岗岩顶界面的反映。向深部反射界面很不连续推测是由于多次岩浆上涌,其喷发时间有先后,成分有差异,故岩浆囊物质的不均匀性,虽然由于含水、矿化、熔融体构成了低电阻的共性,可温度的不均匀,却又显示了不同期次岩浆成分有变化,由岩浆囊向地表的通道上,东部花岗岩下为高速,相对于较低温度的物质,在小空山、大空山和黑空山深部沿大盈江断裂带有东西两个大的隐伏花岗岩体之间是最新的火山喷发通道,具有相对低速的通道。     

贵州大方侏罗统自流井组地层特征及恐龙足迹化石的发现

本文详细描述了大方县高枧乡黎家湾自流井组剖面,讨论了自流井组的岩性组合特征、接触关系及横向变化,根据双壳及叶肢介化石组合带的时代将自流井组归于下侏罗统,将新田沟组归于中侏罗统。首次在大方响水乡大转弯自流井组马鞍山段地层中发现有恐龙足迹化石。根据岩石组合特征、沉积构造确定自流井组为湖泊相滨湖及浅湖亚相沉积,包括砂坪、泥坪、混合坪、介壳滩微相类型。根据陆相基准面旋回层序将自流井组划分为2个长期旋回层序、5个中期旋回层序。     

湘南荷花坪锡多金属矿床成矿年代研究

荷花坪锡多金属矿床是本世纪初在南岭中段湘南地区新发现的一个大型矿床,区内的锡多金属矿化产在王仙岭岩体东南内、外接触带,已发现有Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ号4个主要锡多金属矿体。其中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ号矿体由早期矽卡岩型和晚期蚀变碎裂岩型矿石组成,Ⅲ号矿体则由独立产出的蚀变碎裂岩型矿石组成,且包含有部分碎裂花岗斑岩。以往研究已对Ⅳ号矿体中的矽卡岩型矿石和Ⅲ号矿体中含矿斑岩脉分别采用辉钼矿Re-Os法和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法进行了测年,获得的年龄分别为224.0±1.9Ma和142±2Ma。本文补充了晚期蚀变碎裂岩型矿石的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年,结果显示,Ⅱ号矿体中蚀变碎裂岩型矿石白云母样品和石英样品的坪年龄分别为151.88±1.58Ma和155.39±7.04Ma;Ⅳ号矿体中蚀变碎裂岩型矿石石英样品的坪年龄为156.94±1.64Ma。结合前人研究资料综合分析,认为荷花坪矿区存在印支晚期(224Ma)、燕山早期(151~156Ma)和燕山晚期(142Ma)三期成矿作用,分别与区内印支期中粗粒含电气石黑云母花岗岩、燕山早期中粗粒黑云母花岗岩和燕山晚期花岗斑岩脉有关,不同期成岩、成矿作用的构造环境均为岩石圈的拉张伸展。湘南地区印支期(205~224Ma)基性岩浆活动及荷花坪矿床印支期成岩、成矿过程中均有幔源物质的参与,它们共同指示南岭地区中生代构造体制的转换或岩石圈伸展减薄可能始于印支主期(230~244Ma)之后的224Ma左右,即晚三叠世。     

北祁连地区中寒武世岩相古地理研究

现今地处造山带的北祁连地区在中寒武世时期拉张的构造背景下海域进一步拓宽。通过对北祁连地区中寒武统地层野外调查及室内分析研究,在"构造控盆、盆控相"的思路控制下,以沉积岩性、结构-构造、古生物组合等为基础,在优势相原则的指导下,共划分出浅海陆棚相、半深海相、深海盆地相3种沉积相类型。结合前人的研究资料,编制北祁连地区中寒武世的沉积构造格架及沉积盆地类型图,分析其空间配置关系。在此基础上,采用造山带岩相古地理编图方法,恢复与重建研究区的古地理面貌,编制相应的古地理图。     

Automatic identification of fake patterns caused by short-width wavelets in seismic data

Despite the popularity of using the Haar wavelet filter in many applications, it sometimes introduces fake patterns into the multi resolution analysis (MRA) of seismic data. In this work, we compared different wavelet filters to demonstrate that these patterns are fake and not part of the original waveforms and to show that they are a result of using the Haar wavelet filter as a short-width wavelet. To achieve this, many seismic waveforms from two different sources: the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) and the High Sensitivity Seismograph Network Japan (Hi-net) are used with different wavelet filters. We propose an algorithm based on an autoregressive (AR) model to detect these patterns automatically and fully.     

深海嗜热异化铁还原菌Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens DY22619T对不同铁氧化物的铁还原特性

异化铁还原微生物在铁元素的地球化学循环中具有重要意义。深海热液活动是大洋铁元素的重要来源,目前深海热液环境中铁代谢相关微生物研究很少。本文对一株分离自深海热液区的嗜热异化铁还原菌新种Caloranaerobacter ferrireducens DY22619T的铁还原特性进行分析,比较了该菌对无定形羟基氧化铁、无定形铁氧化物和针铁矿3种不同铁氧化物的铁还原速率;并利用透射电镜对矿化产物进行矿物形貌、组成元素和晶型的分析。研究发现该菌生长在指数期至稳定期时,铁还原速率最快,其中对无定形羟基氧化铁和无定形铁氧化物的还原速率较高,达2.82 μmol/h和2.15 μmol/h;透射电镜结果表明,该菌可将3种不同胞外铁氧化物均还原矿化形成颗粒状磁铁矿,由针铁矿矿化形成的磁铁矿少但粒径最大,而由无定形铁氧化物形成的磁铁矿晶面不同于另外两种铁氧化物。结果表明,该菌有很强的铁还原和矿化能力,能厌氧呼吸还原三价铁氧化物,但是铁氧化物的性质对该菌胞外铁还原能力和矿化形成的磁铁矿的性质有重要影响。本研究为认识深海热液环境中异化铁还原菌在铁元素的地球化学循环和生物成矿过程提供了参考。     

A synthetic aperture radar sea surface distribution estimation by n-order Bézier curve and its application in ship detection

To dates,most ship detection approaches for single-pol synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery try to ensure a constant false-alarm rate(CFAR).A high performance ship detector relies on two key components:an accurate estimation to a sea surface distribution and a fine designed CFAR algorithm.First,a novel nonparametric sea surface distribution estimation method is developed based on n-order Bézier curve.To estimate the sea surface distribution using n-order Bézier curve,an explicit analytical solution is derived based on a least square optimization,and the optimal selection also is presented to two essential parameters,the order n of Bézier curve and the number m of sample points.Next,to validate the ship detection performance of the estimated sea surface distribution,the estimated sea surface distribution by n-order Bézier curve is combined with a cell averaging CFAR(CA-CFAR).To eliminate the possible interfering ship targets in background window,an improved automatic censoring method is applied.Comprehensive experiments prove that in terms of sea surface estimation performance,the proposed method is as good as a traditional nonparametric Parzen window kernel method,and in most cases,outperforms two widely used parametric methods,K and G0 models.In terms of computation speed,a major advantage of the proposed estimation method is the time consuming only depended on the number m of sample points while independent of imagery size,which makes it can achieve a significant speed improvement to the Parzen window kernel method,and in some cases,it is even faster than two parametric methods.In terms of ship detection performance,the experiments show that the ship detector which constructed by the proposed sea surface distribution model and the given CA-CFAR algorithm has wide adaptability to different SAR sensors,resolutions and sea surface homogeneities and obtains a leading performance on the test dataset.     

基于兴趣区域的无参考型影像质量评价研究

针对现阶段无参考型算法主观一致性差的问题,提出了一种基于兴趣区域的无参考型影像质量评价算法(NROI),在德克萨斯大学的Live影像库中与经典算法:峰值信噪比(PSNR)、结构相似度(SSIM)、自然场景统计模型(NIQE)法,进行大量实验对比。结果表明,NROI的表现优于NIQE,PSNR与SSIM相当,适用于数字影像的质量评价。