地磁场长期变化或与全地幔对流有关

2012年7月29日,《Nature Geosci-ence》在线发表了题为"地磁场长期变化与全地幔对流过程之间的可能联系"(Possiblelinks between long-term geomagnetic varia-tions and whole-mantle convection proces-ses)的文章。以Biggin为首的国际研究小组在该文中指出,在数十至数百个百万年的时间尺度上,地磁场受地幔流体活动的影响,同时,频繁的地球磁场极性倒转也可能与地幔过程有关。     

用InSAR数据得到的鲜水河断裂西北段地震间滑动速率

鲜水河断裂是青藏高原东部边缘附近的高活动性走滑断层系统。我们使用多干涉图方法由ERS-1/2和欧洲环境卫星所获得的十年SAR数据来构建由于鲜水河西北段地震间应变积累而产生的视距形变速率图。该速率图显示了与断层有关的清晰的形变梯度,但是从地表断层迹线看稍向东偏移。通过使用蒙特-卡洛方法对InSAR速率图和GPS数据的共同反演,当锁定深度为3～6km时,以90%置信水平估算出滑动速率为9～12mm/a。此滑动速率与全新世断层滑动速率及历史地震相吻合。我们的结果也揭示不存在显著的跨断层拉伸。将来,上升和下降轨道得出的InSAR数据可能会进一步约束此断层的3D断层滑动速率。     

Sediment loads response to climate change:A preliminary study of eight large Chinese rivers

Climate change characterized by increasing temperature is able to affect precipitation regime and thus surface hydrology.However,the manner in which river sediment loads respond to climate change is not well understood,and related assessment regarding the effect of climate change on sediment loads is lacking.We present a quantitative estimate of changes in sediment loads(from 1.5 Gt yr^-1 pre-1990 to 0.6 Gt yr^-1 from 1991-2007) in response to climate change in eight large Chinese rivers.Over the past decades,precipitation change coupled with rising temperatures has played a significant role in influencing the sediment delivery dynamics,although human activities, such as reservoir construction,water diversion,sand mining and land cover change,are still the predominant forces. Lower precipitation coupled with rising temperatures has significantly reduced sediment loads delivered into the sea in semi-arid climates（4-61%）.In contrast,increasingly warmer and wetter climates in subtropical zones has yielded more sediment（0.4-11%）,although the increase was offset by human impact.Our results indicate that,compared with mechanical retention by reservoirs,water reduction caused by climate change or human withdrawals has contributed more sediment reduction for the rivers with abundant sediment supply but limited transport capacity（e.g.,the Huanghe）.Furthermore,our results indicate that every 1%change in precipitation has resulted in a 1.3%change in water discharge and a 2%change in sediment loads.In addition,every 1%change in water discharge caused by precipitation has led to a 1.6%change in sediment loads,but the same percentage of water discharge change caused largely by humans would only result in a 0.9%change in sediment loads.These figures can be used as a guideline for evaluating the responses of sediment loads to climate change in similar climate zones because future global warming will cause dramatic changes in water and sediment in river basins worldwide at rates previously unseen.     

周亚明在省地质环境保护项目推进会上强调——明确要求强化监管全力推进地质环境保护上作

“此次会议就是要大家达成共识,明确设计编制、设计审查等要求,全力推进地质环境保护项目工作。”9月5日,省国土资源厅党组成员、常务副厅长周亚明在2014年地质环境保护项目推进会上作重要讲话,并提出具体要求。另会议通报了项目进展情况。     

红海——亚丁湾——东非裂谷系的考察研究报告

一、红海的自然地理概况红海位于亚洲西南部,是呈西北——东南向延伸的带状洼地,长1800公里(包括苏伊士湾长2100公里),最大宽度400公里,最深处为2900米,总水量为215,000立方公里。在红海南部的16—17N的地区,散布着由珊瑚构成的群岛,其中法拉桑(Farasan)和达拉克群岛高出海面60米。红海南部是狭窄的曼德海峡,北部是一系列由火山活动形成的群岛,中央地段比较特殊,主要为深海槽,从泽巴依尔(Zebayis)群岛北部延伸到西奈半岛的南端。深海槽的轴部是一地堑经过侵蚀而形成的一个主要海槽。     

地震波变化与地震预报

地震波含有大量的关于大震发生前震源及其周围地区介质的物理性质的信息。一般认为，在大震孕育阶段该地区发生大范围的微破裂，本文回顾了探测介质随时间变化的地震波动法的理论基础和原理及其应用，特别注意讨论固有的问题和今后研究的方向。实用的方法分为以下几类：（１）地震波速变化；（２）地震尾波衰减率变化；（３）Ｓ波分裂；（４）地震波的其他变化，如地震频谱变化和Ｐ波的线性变化等。     

地理学与美国政府的政策

地理学在制订国家政策中的贡献让我们扼要地回顾一下地理学工作者在这方面所发挥的作用。这至少要追溯到第一次世界大战的后期。这个时期,地理学家们在协助政策制订者们掌握战时物资需求方面,在协助威尔逊总统准备战后和平会议工作以及在建设美国地理学家协会等方面都做出了重要的贡献。