三水盆地古近系湖相沉积岩的氧、碳同位素地球化学记录及其环境意义

三水盆地古近系莘庄组顶部至土布心组红岗段的全岩碳酸盐稳定同位素分析结果表明其形成期间经历了多次环境变迁。根据碳酸盐氧、碳同位素比值及其相互关系的变化,可识别三次海水入侵期。其时δ18O值大幅度向正值漂移。而由于受有机质降解的影响,相应时期的δ13 C均表现为低值。在不直接受海洋影响的湖相沉积阶段,δ18O与δ13 C的相关程度虽然未达到典型的封闭型湖泊水平,但仍呈现一定的正相关变化 (r =0.6 5 ),表明其湖水滞留时间较长。而频繁出现的石膏薄层沉积也指示湖盆的封闭性较好。这些均表明这一时期的三水盆地可能是一周期性封闭型湖泊。其稳定同位素组成主要受制于蒸发量/降雨量平衡的变化。而δ13 C比值往往还受有机质活动的控制,更多的是反映有机质生产力、埋藏与降解率。     

GMS-5卫星估计中国西部地区月降水

在气候降水数据集中, 中国西部地区的降水数据精度一直偏低, 如全球降水气候项目数据集(GPCP)数据1998年年平均相对误差在100°E以西达到100%以上, 由于这一地区人烟稀少, 缺少足够的地面雨量站, 极轨卫星时间覆盖率低, GMS静止卫星高度角偏低, 给这一地区的降水测量和估计带来困难.本文尝试将GOES卫星降水指数(GPI)算法拓展应用到这一区域, 同时, 为了消除卫星高度角偏低造成的影响, 利用当地气候资料, 引入相对湿度修正因子.结果表明, 用GMS静止卫星云图结合气候资料, 可以有效估计中     

基于B/S跨平台网上地理数据维护引擎的开发

本文以网上地理数据维护为主线,分析了目前WebGIS应用的优缺点,阐述了基于B/S结构的跨平台网上地理数据维护系统的开发思路和具体应用模式。     

Diamonds Discovered from High–Cr Podiform Chromitites of Bulqiza, Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite, Albania

Various combinations of diamond, moissanite, zircon, corundum, rutile and titanitehave been recovered from the Bulqiza chromitites. More than 10 grains of diamond have been recovered, most of which are pale yellow to reddish–orange to colorless. The grains are all 100–300 μm in size and mostly anhedral, but with a range of morphologies including elongated, octahedral and subhedral varieties. Their identification was confirmed by a characteristic shift in the Raman spectra between 1325 cm~(-1) and 1333 cm~(-1), mostly at 1331.51 cm~(-1) or 1326.96 cm~(-1). This investigation extends the occurrence of diamond and moissanite to the Bulqiza chromitites in the Eastern Mirdita Ophiolite. Integration of the mineralogical, petrological and geochemical data of the Bulqiza chromitites suggests their multi–stage formation. Magnesiochromite grains and perhaps small bodies of chromitite formed at various depths in the upper mantle, and encapsulated the ultra–high pressure, highly reduced and crustal minerals. Some oceanic crustal slabs containing the magnesiochromite and their inclusion were later trapped in suprasubduction zones, where they were modified by tholeiitic and boninitic arc magmas, thus changing the magnesiochromite compositions and depositing chromitite ores in melt channels.     

Diamonds, Super-Reduced and Crustal Minerals in Chromitites of the Hegenshan and Sartohay Ophiolites, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, China

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is a huge tectonic mélange that lies between the North China Craton and the Siberian Block.It is composed of multiple orogenic belts,continental fragments,magmatic and metamorphic rocks,suture zones and discontinuous ophiolite belts.Although the Hegenshan and Sartohay ophiolites are separated by nearly 3000 km and lie in completely different parts of the CAOB,they are remarkably similar in many respects.Both are composed mainly of serpentinized peridotite and dunite,with minor gabbro and sparse basalt.They both host significant podiform chromitites that consist of high-Al,refractory magnesiochromite with Cr#s[100Cr/(Cr+Al)]averaging60.The Sartohay ophiolite has a zircon U-Pb age of ca.300 Ma and has been intruded by granitic plutons of similar age,resulting in intense hydrothermal activity and the formation of gold-bearing listwanites.The age of the Hegenshan is not firmly established but is thought to have formed in the Carboniferous.Like many other ophiolites that we have investigated in other orogenic belts,the chromitites in these two bodieshave abundant diamonds,as well as numerous super-reduced and crustal minerals.The diamonds are mostly,colorless to pale yellow,200-300μm across and have euhedral to anhedral shapes.They all have low carbon isotopes(δ14C=-18 to-29)and some have visible inclusions.These are accompanied by numerous super-reduced minerals such as moissanite,native elements(Fe,Cr,Si,Al,Mn),and alloys(e.g.,Ni-Mn-Fe,Ni-Fe-Al,Ni-Mn-Co,Cr-Ni-Fe,Cr-Fe,Cr-Fe-Mn),as well as a wide range of oxides,sulfides and silicates.Grains of zircon are abundant in the chromitites of both ophiolites and range in age from Precambrian to Cretaceous,reflecting both incorporation of old zircons and modification of grains by hydrothermal alteration.Our investigation confirms that high-Al,refractory chromitites in these two ophiolites have the same range of exotic minerals as high-Cr metallurgical chromitites such as those in the Luobusa ophiolite of Tibet.These collections of exotic minerals in ophiolitic chromitites indicate complex,multi-stage recycling of oceanic and continental crustal material at least to the mantle transition zone,followed by uprise and emplacement of the peridotites into relatively shallow ophiolites.     

Eigenvector 1: An Optimal Correlation Space for Active Galactic Nuclei

We identify a correlation space involving optical and UV emission-line parameters as well as the soft X-ray spectral index that provides optimal discrimination between all principal classes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Most of the sources in our three high-quality data samples show a strong intercorrelation with narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies and steep-spectrum radio galaxies occupying opposite extrema in the space. NLSy1 sources show a clear continuity with broader line sources, indicating that they are not a disjoint class of AGN as is sometimes suggested. We interpret the principal intercorrelation in the parameter space as being driven by the AGN luminosity-to-black hole mass ratio (L&solm0;M is proportional to the Eddington ratio). Source orientation no doubt also plays an important role, but it is not yet clear whether FWHM Hbeta or C iv lambda1549 line shift is the better indicator. We tentatively identify two radio-quiet populations: an almost pure radio-quiet population A, with FWHM相似文献   

Detection of Polarized Millimeter and Submillimeter Emission from Sagittarius A*

We report the detection of linear polarization from Sgr A* at 750, 850, 1350, and 2000 μm which confirms the contribution of synchrotron radiation. From the lack of polarization at longer wavelengths, it appears to arise in the millimeter/submillimeter excess. There are large position angle changes between the millimeter and submillimeter results, and these are discussed in terms of a polarized dust contribution in the submillimeter and various synchrotron models. In the model that best explains the data, the synchrotron radiation from the excess is self-absorbed in the millimeter region and becomes optically thin in the submillimeter. This implies that the excess arises in an extremely compact source of approximately 2 Schwarzschild radii.     

First Mass-resolved Measurement of High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Antiprotons

We report new results for the cosmic-ray antiproton-to-proton ratio from 3 to 50 GeV at the top of the atmosphere. These results represent the first measurements, on an event-by-event basis, of mass-resolved antiprotons above 18 GeV. The results were obtained with the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE98 balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas-RICH (Ring-Imaging Cerenkov) counter and a silicon-tungsten imaging calorimeter. The RICH detector was the first ever flown that is capable of identifying charge-one particles at energies above 5 GeV. The spectrometer was flown on 1998 May 28-29 from Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The measured p&d1;/p ratio is in agreement with a pure secondary interstellar production.     

A Twisted Flux Rope Model for Coronal Mass Ejections and Two-Ribbon Flares

We present a new approach to the theory of large-scale solar eruptive phenomena such as coronal mass ejections and two-ribbon flares, in which twisted flux tubes play a crucial role. We show that it is possible to create a highly nonlinear three-dimensional force-free configuration consisting of a twisted magnetic flux rope representing the magnetic structure of a prominence (surrounded by an overlaying, almost potential, arcade) and exhibiting an S-shaped structure, as observed in soft X-ray sigmoid structures. We also show that this magnetic configuration cannot stay in equilibrium and that a considerable amount of magnetic energy is released during its disruption. Unlike most previous models, the amount of magnetic energy stored in the configuration prior to its disruption is so large that it may become comparable to the energy of the open field.     

Young Red Spheroidal Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Fields: Evidence for a Truncated Initial Mass Function at approximately 2 M middle dot in circle and a Constant Space Density to z approximately 2

The optical-IR images of the northern and southern Hubble Deep Fields are used to measure the spectral and density evolution of early-type galaxies. The mean spectral energy distribution is found to evolve passively toward a mid-F star-dominated spectrum by z approximately 2, becoming more sharply peaked around the 4000 ? break. We demonstrate with realistic simulations that hotter elliptical galaxies would be readily visible if evolution progressed blueward and brightward at z>2, following a standard initial mass function (IMF). The color distributions are best fitted by a "red" IMF, deficient above approximately 2 M middle dot in circle and with a spread of formation in the range 1.51 results from a selection bias against distant red galaxies in the optical, where the flux is too weak for morphological classification, but is remedied with relatively modest IR exposures that reveal a roughly constant space density to z approximately 2, with 32 and 16 elliptical galaxies detected above and below z=1, respectively. We point out that the lack of high-mass star formation inferred here and the requirement of metals implicates cooling flows of preenriched gas in the creation of the stellar content of spheroidal galaxies. Deep-field X-ray images will be very helpful in examining this possibility.