英国诺福克北部布尔河上游白垩和冰碛物含水层稳定同位素研究

<正> 前 言 最近两年中,我们研究了英国诺福克北部布尔河上游白垩系的白垩和上覆第四系冰碛物含水层中地下水的地球化学演变。为了进一步弄清水文地质条件和水文地球化学演变之间的关系,我们研究了该区地下水中的稳定同位素水文地球化学特征。 研究区位于东经1°—1°14′和北纬52°47′—54′(图1)面积为80平方公里。上白垩系的白垩层厚达450米,上复着第四系漂砾粘土和砂砾石冰碛物,其厚度达40—45米。      

富营养湖泊中的微囊藻优势：原因—后果—对策

Cyanobacterial dominance in lakes has received much attention in the past because of the great success and frequent bloom formation in lakes of higher trophic levels. In this paper underlying mechanism of cyanobacterial dominance are analyzed and discussed using both original and literature data from various shallow mixed and deep stratifying lakes from temperate and (subtropical regions. Examples include all four ecotypes of cyanobacteria sensu MUR et al. (1993), because their behavior in the water column is entirely different.Colony forming species (Microcystis) are exemplified from the large shallow Lake Taihu, China. Data from a shallow urban lake, Alte Donau in Austria are used to characterize well mixed species (Cylindrospermopsis) while stratifying species (Planktothrix) are analyzed from the deep alpine lake Mondsee. Nitrogen fixing species (Aphanizomenon) are typified from a shallow river-run lake in Germany.Factors causing the dominance of one or the other group are discussed as well as consequences for restoration measures. Existing knowledge on cyanobacterial dominance is summarized.     

东沙群岛海区晚新生代构造特征及其对弧-陆碰撞的响应

东沙群岛及其邻近海区(简称东沙海区)位于南海北部大陆边缘,东邻马尼拉俯冲构造带。为了讨论晚新生代以来东沙海区的构造变形特征,从中找出吕宋弧对中国东南大陆边缘碰撞的构造相关,特别是8Ma以来的吕宋岛弧和中国大陆边缘之间构造消减过程的响应。根据地震地层学分析,结合区域重磁资料、ODP184钻孔资料对东沙群岛海区晚新生代构造特征进行了分析。东沙海区自南海扩张后发育了3个沉积层序(层序Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ),经历了较强烈的构造抬升作用、岩浆活动、沉积物剥蚀。该区发育NEE-SWW和NW-SE向两组断裂,且以NEE-SWW向断裂最为发育。断裂大多具有多次活动,且为上新世到第四纪的活动断裂构造,断块抬升幅度大,沿断裂带发生岩浆侵入。分析结果表明,晚新生代期间经历了二次重要的构造运动,即东沙运动(9．8-4．4Ma)和流花运动(1．89-1．4Ma),奠定了该区的构造格局。综合该区东强西弱构造变形、构造抬升发生的时间和应力场变化等特征看,该区受8Ma以来中国东部大陆边缘与吕宋岛弧碰撞所产生的构造运动的影响,在8Ma以前,由于台湾岛不存在,活动的古东海大陆边缘延伸至东沙群岛海区东北部。     

用降雨和河川径流资料随机分析确定干旱事件的重现期

对建立的年系列而言,历时达一年的干旱事件重现期的计算可使用一些近似分布,然而对历时大于一年的水文事件的重现期,目前还没有现成的分析方法。本文的目的在于研究过去观测到的或将来可能发生的小降雨量和小河川径流量估算重现期的方法。在分析中使用了澳大利亚维多利亚五个主要水库入流和相应的流域平均降雨量资料。     

由哥伦比亚号航天飞机激发的地震

南加州的一些地震台记录了1989年8月13日哥伦比亚号航天飞机返回爱德华空军基地时引起的大气冲击波(图1)。除了这个冲击波外,在帕萨迪纳宽频IRIS-TERRA台站还记录了一个清晰的周期为2～3s的脉冲,它比冲击波早到12.5s(图2)。这个脉冲也被洛杉矶市区附近的南加州大学记录到,此处它比冲击波晚到3s。这个脉冲源不易马上识别出来。我们能够表明这     

A Theoretical Test of the Geostrophic Momentum Approximation

A previously developed model of a 2-dimensional air flow with constant horizontal shear is used to estimeate the accuracy of the geostrophic momentum approximation by comparison of exact solutions when exist with approximate ones.     

PRIMARY STUDY OF SULFATE AND CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS IN BEIJING

Results of our aerosol study, performed during 1983–1984 in Beijing, demonstrate that ambient carbonaceous aerosols are derived mainly from coal combustion. Different SO₂ oxidation processes have been observed in summer and winter. The winter sulfate appears to be produced locally and associated with products of incomplete combustion.