FGGE期间全球30—50天振荡的结构

对整个365天全球6层的FGGE III b资料的5个变量进行时间序列分析和频率滤波分析以研究30—50天低频振荡的结构,这个研究得出了30—50天低频振荡的大振幅所在地区,并描述了通过这些地区的垂直结构,还着重讨论了对流层低层经过30—50天带通滤波后最大风速的季节变化。FGGE年的一些主要结果表明30—50天低频振荡的最大振幅出现在夏季风地区和对流层上层的高纬度地区。在北半球冬季,活跃的地区位于中太平洋的赤道带上。     

1979年夏季亚洲季风区域40—50天周期振荡的环流及其水汽输送场的变化

本文使用FGGE LevelⅢb资料,采用综合方法研究T40—50天周期振荡的环流演变及其水汽输送的变化,发现40—50天周期扰动的向北和向东的位相传播紧密联系着南亚中部和东南亚季风的活跃和中断的位相转变。季风的活跃(中断)是以印度洋西部穿越赤道的水汽输送和穿越阿拉伯海东部(75°E)向东的水汽输送的极大(极小)值为特征的,并向东和向北传播;与之相联系的Q_1的极大(极小)值和OLR的极小(极大)值也向东向北传播。与索马里急流相联系的穿越赤道的水汽输送的变化通过40—50天周期扰动的传播对中国夏季季风降水发生影响,其时间落后为10—12天。     

东北太平洋上暴发性发展生成的气旋

1.引言 Sanders和Gyakum(1980年)把24小时内中心气压至少减少24毫巴的温带气旋定义为气象炸弹。他们提到的加深率本来是对北纬60度而言的,为了得到任何纬度θ的     

澳大利亚造山型金矿和侵入岩有关金矿系统流体包裹体资料和矿化过程的比较

We have examined the fluid inclusion data and fluid chemistry of Australian orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits to determine if similar mineralization processes apply to both styles of deposits.The fluid inclusion data from the Yilgarn craton,the western subprovince of the Lachlan orogen,the Tanami,Tennant Creek and Pine Creek regions,and the Telfer gold mine show that mineralization involved fluids with broadly similar major chemical components(i.e.H_2O NaCl CO_2±CH_4±N_2).These deposits formed over a wide range of temperature-pressure conditions(<200 to>500℃,<100～400MPa).Low salinity, CO_2-bearing inclusions and low salinity aqueous inclusions occur in both systems but the main difference between these two types of deposits is that most intrusion-related gold deposits also contain at least one population of high-salinity aqueous brine.Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data for both styles of deposit usually cannot distinguish between a magmatic or metamorphic source for the ore-bearing fluids.However,sulfur and lead isotope data for the intrusion-related gold deposits generally indicate either a magmatic source or mixing between magmatic and sedimentary sources of fluid.The metamorphic geothermal gradients associated with intrusion-related gold deposits are characterized by low pressure,high temperature metamorphism and high crustal geothermal gradients of>30/km.Where amphibole breakdown occurs in a granite source region,the spatially related deposits are more commonly associated with Cu-Au deposits rather than Au-only deposits that are associated with lower temperature granites.The dominant processes thought to cause gold precipitation in both types of deposits are fluid-rock interaction(e.g.desulfidation)or phase separation.Consideration of the physical and chemical properties of the H_2O-NaCl-CO_2 system on the nature of gold precipitation mechanisms at different crustal levels infers different roles of chemical(fluid-rock interaction)versus rheological(phase separation and/or fluid mixing)host-rock controls on gold deposition.This also implies that at the site of deposition,similar precipitation mechanisms operate at similar crustal levels for both orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits.     

正压大气中根据天气和同化资料制作统计-动力预报

1.前言从一些离散的观测站采样而得某一气象变量的主观分析多半会和它的真实情况不同。如果这种不确定的分析用作数值预报的初始状态,那么所作预报也将会有误差。格利森1961年发展的一种统计-动力理论对这种初始状态的误差及其随时间增长作了定量处理。在这种理论模式中用调整物理模式的动力项将初始误差的正态分布转为预报误差的正态分布。从最终的分布求得预报量处于其真实数值的某一允许偏差范围内的理论概率。实际上这样也就作出了对预报     

地震的震级频度分布与古登堡—里克特关系式的偏离:大震之前前兆异常的检测

本文介绍了表示地震的震级频度分布与古登堡-里克特(GR)关系式偏离的一种量度。以前曾认为震级频度分布遵从古登堡-里克特关系式,然而,实际分布常常与这一关系式偏离相当大。令n_i、N、M_0和b分别是震级为M_i～M_i+△M的事件数目、地震的总数目、震级的下限以及古登堡-里克特关系式的b值。这样,用Kullback-Leibler平均信息就可给出偏离的量度:式中,p(X_i)=n_i/N,q(X_i)= b ln 10 exp(-b ln 10 X_i),函数q(X_i)代表古登堡-里克特分布,因此这个量度给出了震级分布与古登堡-里克特关系式的偏离程度。如果地震的震级分布与古登堡-里克特关系式符合得越好,那么‘C’值将越小;而如果分布精确地遵从古登堡-里克特关系式时,‘C’为零。相反,如果分布与古登堡-里克特关系式偏离很大,‘C’指标给出的值也很大。我们研究了日本的大地震和震群前后‘C’值随时间的变化,结果显示出大震前后‘C’值的变化是不可忽视的。在大震之前,‘C’值变小,这说明震级分布与古登堡-里克特关系式吻合得较好,主震之后,‘C’急剧变化。在震群活动期间,‘C’值的变化也相当大,但是,震群的‘C’值比一般地震的‘C’值小些。在某些震群中,‘C’指标在最大活动时刻达到极大值。这个量度是很有用的工具,用它可观测地震活动的典型特征并且或许可用来作为检验大震的前兆现象。     

区域断裂对韩国东南部地区现今应力状态的影响

利用朝鲜半岛东南部地区浅层地应力数据,给出区域现今应力状态的分布特征及其与断层分布的关系.地应力数据表明,区域最大主压应力呈ENE-WSW到NE-SW向,这与地震震源机制解及欧亚板块东部构造应力方向的一阶模式一致.或许是受到断层的影响,现今应力张量在大小和方向上表现出不均匀性.区域水平主应力变化较为一致,而垂向则变化较...     

ALKALINE INTRUSIVES OF LUTINGSHAN AND CH''IAOSHAN IN S.SHANSI

In recent years several localities of highly alkaline rocks have been dis-covered in Shansi by the National Geological Survey of China and the Sino-Swedish Research Institute.The results of investigation in this line up to 1927are embodied in the paper:"S     

On Tectonic History in Regions East of the Tibetan Plateau from Kansu to Yunnan

正 With 2 Plates During the recent five years I have joined several field parties in the carrying out of geological reconnaissances in regions between the valley of the Huangho and of the Yangtze and in the Sino-Tibetan borderland. This vast territory can be divided into six major geological units, e     

Note on the Liangshanophyllum,a new Subgenus of Waagenophyllum from Permian of China

The material of this short paper includes four species, one is a new form of Waagenophyllum, and the three others belong to a new subgenus named Liangshanophyllum. The specimens of the latter were collected by Y. H. Lu in 1942 from Liangshan, S Shensi, in a grayish black massive limestone, which is considered as the upper-most part of the Permian limestone at that region wish very abundant fossil corals of fasciculate cylindrical form. The new species of Waagenophyllum was collected in