Observations and box model analysis of radon-222 in the atmospheric surface layer at L’Aquila,Italy: March 2009 case study

Two years of radon-222 observations collected at L’Aquila (Italy) in the atmospheric surface layer during 2004–2006 were analyzed in correlation with meteorological data and other atmospheric tracers. A box model was developed to better understand the mechanisms of diurnal and seasonal variability of the tracer and to indirectly assess the magnitude of the monthly averaged radon soil flux in the L’Aquila measurement site. The model was successfully validated with measurements, with a 0.8 average correlation coefficient between hourly values for the whole period of radon observations. Measurements taken during March 2009 were analyzed to find possible signs of perturbation due to the ongoing seismic activity that would have reached its peak on the 6 April 2009 destructive earthquake. Contrary to the professed (and unpublished) dramatic increases of radon activity unofficially announced to the inhabitants at that time, the study presented here shows that no radon activity increase took place in L’Aquila with respect to a previous ‘seismically unperturbed’ year (same month with similar meteorological conditions), but that an average 30 % decrease was experienced. This conclusion is reached from a direct comparison of observed data and also as a result of the previously validated radon box model constrained by actual meteorological data, from which an indirect estimate of a 17 % reduction of the radon soil flux is obtained.     

基于改进高斯两步移动搜索法的深圳市公园绿地可达性评价

公园绿地可达性是衡量城市宜居水平的重要指标.针对传统可达性分析多用统计数据开展评估而导致的供需尺度失衡问题,论文以深圳为例,采用公园绿地空间矢量数据和手机信令数据获取供需空间分布,采用高斯两步移动搜索法计算交通小区(TAZ)尺度公园绿地可达性,并结合可达性结果及供需、交通情况聚类,剖析可达性差异化模式及成因.主要结论如...     

Qualitative analysis of cosmological models in Brans-Dicke theory

Isotropic and homogeneous cosmological models with a perfect fluid cource in Brans-Dicke theory are investigated from the point of view of dynamical system theory.Work partially supported by CNPq (Brazil).     

Solar flares through electric current interaction

The fundamental hypothesis by Alfvén and Carlqvist (1967) that solar flares are related to electrical currents in the solar chromosphere and low corona is investigated in the light of modern observations. We confirm the important role of currents in solar flares. There must be tens of such current loops (flux threads) in any flare, and this explains the hierarchy of bursts in flares. We summarize quantitative data on energies, numbers of particles involved and characteristic times. A special case is the high-energy flare: this one may originate in the same way as less energetic ones, but it occurs in regions with higher magnetic field strength. Because of the high particle energies involved their emission seats live only very briefly; hence the area of emission coincides virtually with the seat of the instability. These flares are therefore the best examples for studying the primary instability leading to the flare. Finally, we compare the merits of the original Alfvén-Carlqvist idea (that flares originate by current interruption) with the one that they are due to interaction (reconnection) between two or more fluxthreads. We conclude that a final decision cannot yet be made, although the observed extremely short time constants of flare bursts seem to demand a reconnection-type instability rather than interruption of a circuit.Paper dedicated to Professor Hannes Alfvén on the occasion of his 80th birthday, 30 May 1988.     

台湾岛以东A-24C及A-50C岩芯中的放射虫化石与沉积环境

根据对台湾岛以东海域A-24C,A-50C岩芯中放射虫化石的分析结果,并借助WP3岩芯有孔虫,δ^18O曲线分析,测试资料,对两岩芯地层作了对比与划分,结果显示：两岩芯的上部（A-24C为0～30cm,A-50C为0～35cm）属全新世沉积;下部（A-24C为30～234cm,A-50C为35～163cm）属晚期更新世沉积。 两岩芯中放射虫丰度、分异度的变化与黑潮主流线的摆动密度相关。末次冰期时的低海面导致黑潮主流线移至研究区（125℃E）以东,放射虫丰度,分异度出现低值,有的层位出现零值,而随着海面回升,黑潮逐渐移至现在的位置,放射虫的丰度,分异度出现高值,另外综合该区分析资料,推算两岩芯的平均沉积速率为A-24C岩芯全新世3cm,晚期更新世12.6cm,A-50C岩芯全新世2.9cm,晚更新世12.4cm,晚期更新世沉积速率均大于全新世。     

Submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner,Marion, Katrine,Taylor, and Sheppard in Canterbury,New Zealand

The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion.     

Desertification and erosion sensitivity. A case study in southern Italy: the Tusciano River catchment

The ESAs (Environmentally sensitive areas) procedure was recently developed in the framework of MEDALUS European project to identify desertification-sensitive areas and used in many Mediterranean countries (Greece, Portugal, Italy, Egypt). The identification of areas sensitive to desertification by using the ESAs model was carried out in the Tusciano River basin (261 km²) located in southern Italy (Campania region). All data characterizing the four groups of parameters related to soil quality, climate quality, vegetation quality and management quality were introduced in a geographical database, and superimposed using a GIS. A sensitivity analysis highlighted the impact of desertification on the river Tusciano catchment, highly diversified in terms of morphological, geological, climatic and land use features. The results of the ESAs model, showing that more than half of the area is sensitive to desertification, were compared with those related to soil loss, achieved by Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, based approximately on the same environmental factors. Nevertheless, ESAs procedure considers a wider range of parameters, allowing to characterize in greater detail the catchment in terms of climate, geomorphology, vegetation cover and socio-economic features. The drawn map therefore characterizes the sensitivity to erosion/desertification of the Tusciano catchment and can be regarded as a synthesis-sensitivity map, showing the areas with higher vulnerability on which mitigation measures should be focused.     

由历史文献记载反演逐年网格点降水量距平场--气候史料客观定量研究的新探讨

本文尝试由历史文献记载直接反演网格式降水量距平场.这项探讨是利用计算机的文字处理功能,以"中国三千年气象记录总集"1)为基本资料,通过对各地点、各年份气候记载的赋值处理,用Cressman插值方法初步反演生成1501～1900年网格降水量距平场,其时间分辨率为1a,空间分辨率为1°×1°经纬度.这样的网格资料定量含义明确,空间和时间的连续性好,可以方便地与数值模拟结果进行对比,和进行降水的时间、空间变率研究,还可由它生成空间间隔均匀的降水量距平指数的时间序列,进行气候变化分析.     

配电网GIS的一种开发模式探讨

开发配电GIS主要有3种组织: GIS厂商及GIS二次开发商、配电自动化厂商、电力系统单位.分析了他们在开发中的优势与劣势, 提出一种把配电GIS系统分层, 由GIS厂商开发配电GIS平台, 自动化厂商及电力系统单位在该平台上进行2次开发的模式.论述了配电GIS平台的功能范围及海量数据管理、拓扑关系管理、设备库、按设备分层的拓扑关系模型、组件技术等关键技术, 并介绍了这种模式的一个实例.      

DENIS: A deep near-infrared survey of the southern sky

The DENIS project is the first attempt to carry out a complete digitized survey of the southern sky in the range 1–2.5µm. The main objectives of the programme and the main specifications of the camera and of the data processing stream are briefly outlined