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11.
Dibakar Ghosh Tusar Dutta Susanta K. Samanta Dipak C. Pal 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(1):101-112
The Singhbhum Shear Zone in eastern India is one of the largest repositories of uranium and copper in India. Besides uranium and copper, apatite-magnetite mineralization is widespread in this shear zone. This study aims at deciphering the physico-chemical evolution of magnetite mineralization in relation to progressive shearing integrating field relations, micro-textures, structures and compositions of magnetite in the Banduhurang uranium mine. Apatite-magnetite ores occur as discrete patches, tongues, and veins in the strongly deformed, fine grained quartzchlorite schist. Textures and microstructures of magnetite indicate at least three stages of magnetite formation. Coarsegrained magnetite (magnetite-1) with long, rotational, and complex strain fringes, defined by fibrous and elongate quartz, is assigned to a stage of pre-/early-shearing magnetite formation. Medium grained magnetite (magnetite-2), characterized by single non-rotational strain fringe equivalent to the youngest fringe of magnetite-1, grew likely at the mid-/late-stage of shearing. Fine grained magnetite (magnetite-3) is generally devoid of any pressure shadow. This indicates even a much later stage of formation of this magnetite, presumably towards the closing stage of shearing. Some of the magnetite-1 grains are optically heterogeneous with a dark, pitted Cr-Ti-bearing core overgrown by lighter, fresh rim locally containing pyrite, chalcopyrite, and chlorite inclusions. The cores are also locally characterized by high Al and Si content. Homogeneous magnetite-1 is optically and compositionally similar to the overgrowth of heterogeneous magnetite-1. This homogeneous magnetite-1 that grew as separate phase is contemporaneous with the overgrowth on pitted core of heterogeneous magnetite-1. Magnetite-2 is compositionally very similar to homogeneous magnetite-1, but is devoid of sulfide inclusion. Magnetite-3 is generally devoid of any silicate or sulfide inclusion and is most pure with least concentrations of trace/minor elements. The high Al and Si content in some magnetite can be explained by coupled substitution that involves substitution of Si4+ for Fe3+ in the tetrahedral sites and Fe2+ for Fe3+ in the octahedral sites, with a simple substitution of Al3+ for Fe3+ in the octahedral sites. The mode of occurrences of apatite-magnetite ores indicates a predominantly hydrothermal origin of most magnetite. However, the Cr-Ti-bearing magnetite-1 cores and inferred mafic nature of the original protolith indicates that some magnetite was inherited from the original igneous rock. We propose that the pre-/early-shearing hydrothermal event of magnetite formation was associated with sulfide mineralization and alteration of existing magmatic magnetite. The second stage of magnetite formation at the mid-/late-stage of shearing was not associated with sulfide formation. Finally, fine-grained compositionally pure magnetite formed at the closing stage of shearing likely due to metamorphism of Fe-rich protolith. 相似文献
12.
Suspended sediments present in the flow are known to affect the flow resistance, velocity distribution and turbulent characteristics. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory flume to see the effect of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) on local scour around a cylindrical pier for a wide range of clay–sand mixed sediment beds for SSC up to 2700 mg/L. It has been observed that the effect of SSC on equilibrium scour hole parameters such as maximum equilibrium scour depth, and longitudinal and transverse extent of scour hole can be significant. Present data showed that the presence of SSC in the range 993–1332 mg/L can increase maximum equilibrium scour depth as much as 1.54 times compared to the clear water case. However, tests made for SSC in the range 2456–2700 mg/L showed that the maximum equilibrium scour depth reduced compared to that for SSC in the range 993–1332 mg/L, but these maximum equilibrium scour depths were still larger than that obtained for clear water. The effect of SSC on time variation of scour and equilibrium scour hole geometry was further investigated. 相似文献
13.
Kanika Sharma Arun K. Saraf Josodhir Das Suman S. Baral Susanta Borgohain Gaurav Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(4):605-615
The devastating earthquake that struck Nepal in 25 April (Mw7.8) and 12 May (Mw7.3) 2015 have triggered numerous landslides and reactivated existing landslides extending over large areas. These two shocks mostly affected the northwest and northeast region of Kathmandu which accelerated large region along with southward up thrusting in the region. To detect the event of the landslides in time and space satellite images have been analysed using space remote sensing techniques like pseudo colour transformation technique and was employed to pre and post-earthquake images of the event to bring out only landslide affected areas from the image by masking the remaining part, where field based survey of the landslides provided information on real nature of it, slope and rock type. Surprisingly the observed mass movements are mostly belong to debris flow and rock fall types beginning from the top part of the ridge slope with south-westerly faces i.e. sun facing. Further, satellite images of different dates could be gathered which facilitated analysis on development of landslide with time. This study also revealed that the NE–SW trending geological faults have controlled the landslide occurrence especially in Ramche area and along the Bagmati river valley near Shital-chowk village on Kathmandu-Hetauda road. 相似文献
14.
Natural Resources Research - Targeting groundwater in the river basin like Chandrabhaga with seasonal drought is a very urgent task especially for mitigating irrigation demand during the... 相似文献
15.
In high-grade (granulite facies) quartzofeldspathic rocks the progressive development of a fabric records contrasting deformation
behaviour of quartz and feldspar. Feldspar has undergone deformation mainly by recrystallization-accommodated dislocation
creep and produced smaller recrystallized grains progressively in the course of deformation. Quartz has not deformed solely
by dislocation creep but also by a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Dislocation climb is important in the dislocation creep
of quartz. In contrast to feldspar, quartz grains have not recrystallized into smaller grains at any stage of deformation.
Rather, they have transformed initially to short monocrystalline ribbons and ultimately to long polycrystalline ribbons. This
textural change of quartz is a continuous process and has taken place in the course of bulk textural change of the rocks during
the deformation. 相似文献
16.
The sorption of lead (II) and cadmium (II) on seven shales belonging to the Proterozoic Vindhyan basin, central India, and a black cotton soil, Mumbai, India, was studied and compared with sorbent geochemistry. The sorption equilibrium studies were conducted under completely mixed conditions in batch reactors (pH=5.0 and ionic strength= 0.01 M) at room temperature. The Freundlich model provided better fits to the experimental data compared to Langmuir model. High cadmium and lead sorption was observed for the calcareous shales with greater than 5% CaCO3. The Freundlich isotherm parameter relating to sorption capacity, i.e., KF, yielded a strong correlation with the calcium carbonate and calcium oxide content across the various geosorbents studied. The observed sorption pattern may be attributed to complex formation of CaCO3 with Pb2+ and Cd2+ leading to surface precipitation. Moreover, the Ca2+ present in the sorbents may also involve in ion exchange reaction with lead and cadmium. 相似文献
17.