近红外波段(900—2500 nm)水吸收系数测量

根据水在红外波段强吸收且吸收能力变化大的特点,在所提出可见光波段水吸收系数测量系统基础上增设了薄层水测量装置,使得测量水层厚度可在0.04—350 mm之间变化。在此基础上对厚度为0.04—150 mm的多个厚度水层进行了吸收系数测量,并对消除杂质影响后的测量数据进行了有效整合,得到900—2500 nm波段纯水吸收系数。由于确保了各波段数据均在仪器最佳探测区间取得,所得结果精度较高,且与被普遍接受的前期研究结果相一致,可作为相关定量遥感的基础数据。     

联合机载LiDAR数据和潮汐数据自动提取潮位线

首先,联合机载激光雷达(LiDAR)数据提取的海岸带数字表面模型(DSM)与验潮站数据提取的高、低潮面进行相交运算,生成"水陆二值图像",然后对其以提取边缘的方式提取高、低潮潮位线;针对LiDAR光束无法穿透水体导致低潮线附近DSM为无效值的缺陷,采取移动趋势面拟合法外推概略低潮线附近DSM,在此基础上重新提取更精确的低潮潮位线。实验表明,该方法能在较少人工干预的情况下有效提取高、低潮潮位线。     

基于光谱分类的太湖水体后向散射研究

由于时空变化而产生的水体后向散射系数参数化差异一直是影响水质参数遥感定量反演精度的一个重要因素。在对太湖遥感反射率光谱进行分类的基础上,针对影响太湖水体水色的不同主导因子,把太湖水体分为3种类型,分别利用半分析方法和光学闭合原理对后向散射系数进行模拟,在此基础上研究其光学特性及其与水体组分浓度的关系,最后针对3种不同主导类型的水体分别建立了后向散射系数参数化模型。将后向散射特性在不同时间和空间上的差异转化为水体不同主导因子在生物-光学上的差异,从而得到适用于太湖不同湖区及不同季节的后向散射系数参数化模型,为利用分析方法对太湖水质参数进行更为精确的遥感反演提供了基础。     

近红外大气吸收波段太阳辐射计定标

用通用大气辐射传输软件CART模拟了POM02太阳辐射计的1020nm、1627nm和2200nm等3个近红外通道的大气透过率特性。结果表明,前两通道处于大气非吸收波段,其透过率很好的遵从Beer-Lambert定律,而2200nm通道则有较强的吸收,吸收光学厚度随大气质量的变化服从指数分布,与Beer-Lambert定律有一定的偏差,其定标需采用改进的Langley法。通过选取好天的5个定标实例证明,采用改进的Langley法定标2200nm通道,可提高其透过率测量精度约3.8%。     

侧视雷达影像距离-共面模型严密定位

本文对现有侧视雷达遥感影像的几何构像模型在摄影测量应用中的不足进行了理论分析,以外方位元素作为定向参数,依次建立了像点坐标显函数形式的距离-共面(R-Cp)方程、地心直角坐标系中星载侧视雷达影像的距离-共面方程、以及星载侧视雷达遥感影像的严密定位模型,并进行了稀少控制点条件的星载TerraSAR-X影像定位试验。理论和试验表明,本文所建立的R-Cp严密定位模型,使得雷达影像像点量测坐标作为摄影测量观测值的属性得到体现,容易吸收和利用光学遥感影像基于共线方程模型发展起来的成熟的数字摄影测量数据处理方法,有利于提高雷达遥感影像摄影测量数据处理的严密性、稳定性、可靠性及数据处理效率。     

Modelling and Remote Sensing of Land Surface Temperature in Turkey

This study introduces artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the estimation of land surface temperature (LST) using meteorological and geographical data in Turkey (26?C45°E and 36?C42°N). A generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was used in the network. In order to train the neural network, meteorological and geographical data for the period from January 2002 to December 2002 for 10 stations (Adana, Afyon, Ankara, Eski?ehir, ?stanbul, ?zmir, Konya, Malatya, Rize, Sivas) spread over Turkey were used as training (six stations) and testing (four stations) data. Latitude, longitude, elevation and mean air temperature are used in the input layer of the network. Land surface temperature is the output. However, land surface temperature has been estimated as monthly mean by using NOAA-AVHRR satellite data in the thermal range over 10 stations in Turkey. The RMSE between the estimated and ground values for monthly mean with ANN temperature(LST_ANN) and Becker and Li temperature(LST_B-L) method values have been found as 0.077?K and 0.091?K (training stations), 0.045?K and 0.003?K (testing stations), respectively.     

Determining the size of spatial clusters in focused tests: Comparing two methods by means of simulation in a GIS

 Based on a four-point evaluation system consisting of accuracy, consistency, power, and chance to commit type I errors, this study compares Tango's minimum p (MinP) and Stone's maximum relative risk (MaxRR) methods for detecting focused cluster size through simulations in GIS. It reveals that the MinP method is more effective than the MaxRR method. The MinP method exhibits higher levels of accuracy and consistency; and its power and chance to commit type I errors are similar to the MinP method. The MaxRR method has a tendency to underestimate the cluster size, while the MinP method tends to overestimate the cluster size, particularly when the clusters are relatively big and have high relative risk levels. In addition, the MinP method seems to be most effective in revealing the size of clusters when clusters are neither too strong nor too weak. The lowest detection rates for clustering occur when the clustering signal is relatively weak, which is easily understandable. In practice, it might be useful to use both the methods to estimate a range of possible cluster sizes, where the MaxRR method indicates the lower estimate, while the MinP method gives the higher estimate of the cluster size. Received: 24 August 2002 / Accepted: 20 December 2002     

GPS精密定位中的海潮位移改正

根据海洋负荷潮理论，利用NAO99b全球海潮模型，计算了中国部分IGS站的海潮位移改正，并将海潮位移改正应用到GPS数据处理当中。在GAMIT软件的解算过程中，分别按加入和不加入海潮位移改正，对GPS基线分量和测站坐标分别进行了计算和比较分析。结果表明，海潮位移改正无论是对GPS基线分量还是对测站坐标，都有一定的影响。     

复杂地貌形态多比例尺表达的二维小波分析研究

针对复杂地貌形态的多比例尺表达中的等高线容易相交、地性特征描述困难和表达过程缺乏自适应等难题，提出了基于小波理论的复杂地貌形态的多比例尺表达模型，为上述问题的解决提供了新的思路和有效途径。     

分形学:现代地图学的非线性数学分析方法

分析了地图学的传统数学分析方法，讨论了对象复杂性与方法简单化的矛盾，阐述了分形几何学，为现代地图学研究的定量化、系统化提供了新的数学分析方法。