Does exploring the characteristics of emergency supplies really matter for disaster response operations?

Natural Hazards - This article aims to provide a quantitative study of immediate food supplies based on a three-stage analysis. Firstly, a numerical autoregressive integrative moving average...     

郯庐断裂带平移时代的同位素年龄证据

对郯庐断裂带南段左旋走滑韧性剪切带中糜棱岩的K-Ar全岩分析结果研究表明,该剪切带形成后,在99±2Ma前(早白垩世末期)冷却至封闭温度。结合其它地质现象,笔者认为郯庐断裂带大规模左行平移发生在早白垩世末期,推测为110—130Ma前。这一平移时代与太平洋的伊泽奈崎(Izanagi)板块向欧亚大陆斜向俯冲的时间基本一致。     

巢湖形成演变与现代沉积作用

通过地质调查, 钻孔样品分析及历史资料对比, 得出:1.巢湖位于在中新生代形成的巢湖断陷盆地南部, 形成于更新世发育的河谷平原上, 由于全新世受气候及相应海平面变化和长江河道演变等三者共同影响而积水成湖。成湖历史大约2000年左右, 属河成型浅水湖。2.湖底沉积物平均中值粒径5-6ф, 并形成有三角洲沉积, 开阔湖沉积等五种沉积类型, 东、西、中三湖区的沉积物中分別为0.21, 0.37, 0.14cm/a, 全湖年淤积总量为93×l0⁴t/a。3.湖泊污染加重起始于70年代, 磷除来自外源外, 内负荷引起的释放量达220.56t/a, 这对巢湖富营养化亦有着重要的影响。     

Application of bacteria-plant association in biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil

The bacteria and plants were associated to remove diesel oil pollutants from soil.Three efficiently degrading bacteria(named strains Q10,Q14 and Q18,respectively) were isolated.Two plants(alfalfa and Indian mustard) were selected to form the association.Biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil was accelerated by bacteria-plants association.The main results are summarized as follows.The plants-bacteria association was more effective in biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil than in respective experiments carried out with plants or bacteria alone.Strain Q18-Indian mustard association resulted in the maximum diesel oil reduction(69.18%).The activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in soil were enhanced and microbial populations in soil,especially in rhizosphere,were also stimulated in the treatment of bacteria-plant association.Overall,the soil conditions might be improved by alfalfa or Indian mustard to benefit the growth of bacteria,which resulted in degradation of diesel oil pollutants more effective by the bacteria-plant association.The bacteria-plants association may be a better approach to the removal of diesel oil pollutants from soil.     

内蒙赤峰莲花山金矿田石英脉的红外光谱成矿信息及定量预测

测试了１３０余件含金石英脉及不含金石英脉的红外光谱试样，查明了该区含金石英脉的红外光谱特征，同时配合其它预测含金石英脉的测量方法，提出了该区含金石英脉的预测靶区，经过初步验证，预测基本上是准确的。     

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析,矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物,且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变,大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中;这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主,其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝,缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断,该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应,地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%）,Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%）,而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）;微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似,明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。     

Exportation of coseismic deposits in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake

Coseismic deposits are easily transported outside of valleys, thereby inflicting damage through debris flows or aggregating and elevating riverbeds in the fluvial network. The evolution of coseismic deposits is crucial for predicting the sediment transport capacity and export time for managing postseismic geohazards; however, this evolution remains unclear. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of coseismic deposits due to rainfall is quantified at the valley scale to further obtain the sediment transport capacity. The results show that the relative average thickness predominantly controls the evolution pattern of the coseismic deposits. The sediment transport capacity, which is primarily influenced by rainfall conditions and topography, can be drastically increased by dam breaching and channel narrowing. Moreover, the computed export time, which significantly varies with the spatiotemporal distribution of deposits and the local climate, ranges from 2 to 80 years in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. This study contributes to providing scientific guidelines for efficiently managing postseismic geohazards and planning for disaster mitigation.

     

安徽齐云山丹霞地貌成因

According to the study of some local scholars (Peng Hua et al., 2000), over 400 sites of Danxia landform have been already discovered in China. Chen Guoda (1935), Zeng Zhaoxuan et al. (1978), Huang Jin et al. (1992; 1994; 1996) and Peng Hua et al. (1998; …     

城市住宅小区容积率时空分异研究——以大连市内四区为例

以大连市内四区为例,将城镇地籍调查数据与互联网房产数据相结合作为基础数据,通过ArcGIS软件生成住宅小区点数据的空间分布图,对大连市住宅小区容积率的时间演变和空间分布进行研究,并利用锡尔指数计算住宅小区容积率的空间差异量化测度指数,最后阐述住宅小区容积率空间差异的机制。结果表明：① 1992~2016年大连市住宅小区的数量在持续发展时期最多,平均容积率展现出波动上涨的趋势。② 区：大尺度包括冷炳荣住宅小区容积率整体上呈现出不均匀性和破碎性,局部又呈现出混乱性和复杂性,东部地区小区容积率分异比西部大。③ 中山区空间差异量化测度指数最高为0.831,甘井子区最低为0.125,西岗区与四区整体格局最为相近。极低等级容积率空间分异指数最高,容积率分异指数由两极向中间递减。大连市住宅小区容积率空间差异主要体现在区域内,其对研究区容积率空间分异影响较大。④ 住宅小区容积率空间差异的主要原因为下垫面性质对住宅小区建设的限制、区位的优良性对住宅类型的指向、城市规划对土地利用的导向、极差地租与容积率的相关性、小区建设成本对容积率的影响。     

粒子群算法与支持向量机相结合的热带气旋强度预报试验

支持向量机(SVM)的惩罚参数及核参数的选择直接影响到模型效果,通过粒子群算法(PSO)解决支持向量机的参数选择问题,实现了参数选择的自动化。将该方法应用于热带气旋强度预报,利用气候持续性因子,挑选了1990年的100个左右样本进行预报检验,预报时效为12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h的强度平均绝对误差分别为3.00、4.35、4.93和6.68 m/s。另外,还与国外预报结果及采用最小二乘回归法的预报结果进行了效果的比较,SVM方法显示了更好的预报能力。