Stable Strontium Isotopic Fractionation During Chemical Weathering in Drainage Basins: Mechanisms and Applications

The new non-traditional stable strontium (Sr) isotope has aroused great attention from academic scholars in terms of the continental weathering and marine Sr cycle. The analytical precision of stable Sr isotope using mass spectrometry is better than 0.03‰. The compiled δ⁸⁸/ ⁸⁶Sr values vary from -3.65‰ to 1.68‰ in natural reservoirs. Recent findings indicate that multiple processes can cause stable Sr isotope fractionation in Earth surface, including the incongruent dissolution of primary minerals, the formation and adsorption of secondary minerals, the precipitation of calcium carbonate, and the biological cycling. These processes lead to higher δ⁸⁸/ ⁸⁶Sr in the liquid phase and lower δ⁸⁸/ ⁸⁶Sr in the solid phase, and thus result in different geochemical behavior of stable Sr isotopes in water and sediment during the weathering processes. The δ⁸⁸/ ⁸⁶Sr values of river sediment decrease with the increase of weathering intensity, which has the potential to indicate chemical weathering intensity. Meanwhile, further study on the fractionation mechanisms and constraints of stable Sr isotopes in river water plays an important role in tracing chemical weathering processes within the watershed, which will lead to a better understanding of the global ocean Sr cycle.     

香花岭蚀变花岗岩及交代岩的稀土元素地球化学

香花岭花岗岩在云英岩化过程中,REE从花岗岩中被大量淋滤进入流体相。当这些热流体进入碳酸岩围岩,并与之进行钙—镁质交代时,REE沉淀析出。从本区现有资料看REE在热液中的迁移能力是有限的,即在近接触带交代岩中REE含量较高,远离接触带交代岩仅表现为HREE增高,说明在这种热流体中HREE的移迁能力强于LREE。研究表明,在与镁矽卡岩有关的交代一热液矿床中,镁质交代杂岩的REE分布特征可以作为成矿流体来源的示踪剂,而且也能反映成矿流体在运移过程中的物理化学条件的变化。     

安基山岩体的对流作用和结晶作用

不对称相带的安基山石英闪长玢岩—花岗闪长斑岩侵入体的形成,是浅部岩浆房内对流循环作用的结果,岩浆由顶部向下、边部向里逐渐固结成岩,成岩过程中无明显重力分离。由于岩浆体间歇性上升,早期结晶尚未固结的角闪石英闪长玢岩岩墙,晚期沿着冷却边缘裂隙定位,最后为似斑状花岗闪长岩固结。岩体具水平分带和垂直分带。斜长石的韵律环带反映了在超冷却作用或对流循环过程中发生的组分变化。     

海南岛兰洋地区石炭系孢子的发现及其意义

笔者等在海南岛兰洋地区发现了丰富的石炭系孢子,计３８属６４种。其中,产于青天峡组上部的孢子组合,与Ｇ．Ｃｌａｙｔｏｎ等人所建立的“ＰＵ“带相当,属韦宪期早期。产于石岭组下部的孢子组合,则具有韦宪期中晚期的色彩。这些孢子的发现,为该区石炭系的划分与对比提供了重要依据,同时也有助于探讨海南岛大地构造的某些问题。作者依据孢子组合及其伴生的植物化石,对石炭纪广东大陆与海南岛分属两个地体的看法提出了质疑,而     

A garnet-cordierite granite porphyry containing rapakivi feldspars in the Cabeza de Araya batholith (extremadura,spanish Hercynian belt)

Summary The garnet-cordierite granite porphyry is a large dyke associated with the Cabeza Araya batholith. The batholith shows S typology but with intermediate characteristics between the aluminous granite series, spatially and genetically related to the Hercynian regional metamorphism, and the calc-alkaline series of the Iberian massif. The granite porphyry is rich in megacrystic alkali feldspar often with rapakivi texture. Its mineralogy consists mainly of quartz + plagioclase + alkali feldspar + biotite I + cordierite I + garnet + biotite 11 + cordierite II ± muscovite + chlorite.Cordierite-garnet thermobarometry and stability relationships of ternary feldspars are used to estimate the T-P conditions of crystallization and the evolution of these rocks. The equilibrium temperature obtained from the cordierite-garnet pair is about 800°C (4 ± 0.5 Kb). This shows the xenocrystic origin of cordierite and garnet, in accordance with other geological and textural evidence. Garnet transformation, the genesis of Cordierite II and the formation of mantled textures are interpreted as the result of an isothermal decompression accompanying the emplacement of the porphyry.

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Eine Rapakivi-Feldspat führender Granat-Codierit-Granitporphyr aus dem Cabeza de Araya Batholith (Extremadura, Hereynischer Gürtel, Spanien)

Zusammenfassung Der Granat-Cordierit-Granit stellt einen mit dem Cabeza Araya Batholith assoziierten, mächtigen Gang dar. Der Batholith zeigt S-Typ Charakter, jedoch mit bergangsmerkmalen zu aluminösen Granitserien, und steht räumlich und genetisch im Zusammenhang mit der hercynischen Regionalmetamorphose und den Kalkalkaliserien des iberischen Massivs. Der Granitporphyr führt häufig Megakristalle von Alkalifeldspat, die oft Rapakivitextur zeigen. Die Mineralogie des Granitporphyr besteht aus Quarz + Plagioklas + Alkalifeldspat + Biotit 1 + Cordierit 1 + Granat + Biotit II + Cordierit II ± Muscovit ± Chlorit. Die P-T Bedingungen der Kristallisation und die magmatische Entwicklung dieserDie wurde, P-T Bedingungen der Kristallisation und die magmatische Entwicklung dieser Gesteine wurde, unter Anwendung der Cordierit-Granat Thermobarometrie und den Stabilitätsbeziehungen der Feldspäte, ermittelt. Die Gleichgewichtstemperatur aus Cordierit-Granat-Paaren beträgt um 800°C (4 ± 0.5 Kb). Dies zeigt die Bildung von Cordierit und Granat als Xenokristalle, in Übereinstimmung mit anderen geologischen und texturellen Merkmalen. Die Transformation des Granat. die Genese von Cordierit II und das Entstehen von mantled Texturen, kann als Resultat einer isothermalen Dekompression interpretiert werden, die die Platznahme des Porphyrs begleitet hat.

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With 5 Figures     

模式顶选取对南海季风爆发过程模拟的影响

本文利用MM5(V3)中尺度模式系统以1998年5月南海季风爆发过程为例，试验了模式顶层气压选取对南海季风爆发过程模拟结果的影响。共做了2个数值试验，分别将模式项选在100hPa和50hPa。试验表明，模式顶选取更高将使得和南海季风爆发过程相对应的东亚高空急流强度和位置模拟与观测更趋一致，并且南海北部地区季风爆发后强降水发生的时间及降水强度的模拟也得到明显改善。     

两系杂交稻制种的气候适应性研究

研究两系杂交稻的首要不育系———培矮64S制种的气候适应性, 一方面可为两系杂交稻的生产提供决策参考, 另一方面也可为其它不育系的研究提供借鉴。分析气候适应性时, 首先利用播种—抽穗天数及其对应的气象资料, 建立发育期模型; 然后利用自交结实率资料及其对应的气象资料建立育性量化模型, 并求出育性转换的光温指标; 最后将我国稻区35个站点42年 (1951~1992年) 的气象资料代入发育期模型, 求出各站点的可能出穗持续期 (最早出穗期—最晚出穗期的历期), 对比育性转换的光温指标, 确定培矮64S在80%、90%和95%保证率下连续不育 (可育) 的初、终日, 将连续不育期作为生产杂交稻种子的季节, 将连续可育期作为繁殖培矮64S的季节。结果显示:培矮64S仅能在海南岛及云贵高原中低海拔地区自交繁殖; 而在东北、云贵高原以外的稻区, 培矮64S均可用于生产两系杂交稻的种子, 各稻区制种季节的长短、起止日期与种植地的纬度、海拔高度相关。     

Fluid flow and mineralization of Youjiang Basin in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area,China

Comprehensive studies, based on isotope geochemistry of C, H, O, S and Sr, chronology, common element and trace element geochemistry of fluid inclusions for the epithermal Au, As, Sb and Hg deposits in the Youjiang Basin and its peripheral areas, suggested that the ore fluid was the basin fluid with abundant metallic elements and the large-scale fluid flow of the same source in the late Yenshan stage was responsible for huge epithermal mineralization and silicification. The ore fluid flowed from the basin to the platform between the basin and the platform and migrated from the inter-platform basin to the isolated platform in the Youjiang Basin. The synsedimentary faults and paleokast surface acted respectively as main conduits for vertical and lateral fluid flow.     

冀东柳赞油田古近系沙河街组层序地层及岩相古地理?

柳赞油田位于河北省滦南县与唐海县交界处,是冀东油田的主力油田之一。构造上处于燕山褶皱带前缘，渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的东部。受柏各庄断层活动及古斜坡地形的影响，该区古近系沙三段地层属于近源快速堆积沉积，分选差，成熟度低，岩相复杂，为典型的扇三角洲沉积。通过对沉积特征和沉积相带展布的分析，建立了工区扇三角洲的沉积模式。以层序地层学原理和方法为手段，应用测井和三维地震资料，通过不整合面、湖泛面等层序界面和沉积旋回的识别，将柳赞油田沙河街组地层划分为4个准层序组，12个准层序，建立了高分辨率的层序地层格架，分析了准层序在垂向上的叠置样式，把准层序组归纳为进积式和退积式两种类型，确定了优质储层在准层序和准层序组中出现的位置及分布规律。论文在分析沙河街组沉积时期古地形、古气候与古生态特征的基础上，应用砂岩厚度等值线图，恢复了柳赞油田古近系沙河街组岩相古地理面貌。研究表明，工区内发育扇三角洲前缘亚相，分支水道是主要的砂体微相，砂体沿北东－南西向延伸，与古物源方向基本一致。     

The abnormal pressure regime of the Pennsylvanian No. 8 coalbed methane reservoir in Liulin–Wupu District, Eastern Ordos Basin, China

Coalbed methane reservoir pressure is an important parameter used to assess the producibility of coalbed methane wells. Practices indicate that high production of coalbed methane well is partly related closely to abnormally high pressure. Permo-Carboniferous coalbed methane resources are very abundant in the Liulin–Wupu District, Eastern Ordos Basin, which has been the highlight of coalbed methane exploration in China in recent years. In this district, the abnormally high pressure is present locally in the Pennsylvanian No. 8 coalbed methane reservoir (the Taiyuan Formation). Based on the distribution of the abnormally high pressure, burial history, hydrocarbon generation, hydrodynamics, and sealing regimes, the authors suggest that the abnormal coalbed methane reservoir pressure is related closely to local hydrodynamic trapping. The gas generated during the qualification is preserved, owing to the confinement of lower permeable roof and floor rock layers, and water trapping in the updip direction (like the “fairway” in San Juan Basin). As a result of pressure reconstruction event, the abnormally high pressure is formed during the uplifting stage. The current coalbed methane wells with high production are always located in abnormally high pressure areas. Therefore, the areas with abnormally high pressure in Liulin–Wupu District can be the preferred areas for commercial coalbed methane development.