Predicting size effect on diffusion-limited current density of oxygen reduction by copper wire

The size effect of copper wire radius (0.04–0.82 mm) on the diffusion-limited current density of an oxygen reduction reaction in stagnant simulated seawater (naturally aerated 0.5 mol/L NaCl) is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the results obtained in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. In the oxygen diffusion-limited range, size effect is found to occur independent of electrolytes, which is attributed to non-linear diffusion. Additionally, to sati...     

Distribution of nutrients and eutrophication assessment in the Bohai Sea of China

Water samples were collected in 120 stations in the Bohai Sea of China to analyze the distribution of dissolved nutrients and assess the degree of eutrophication in August 2002. The result shows that the average concentration of DIN increased and the PO4-P concentration sharply decreased compared to the previous data of corresponding period. The high concentrations of DIN and PO4-P occurred in coastal waters, especially in the bays and some river estuaries, while the high concentrations of SiO3-Si in the surface and middle depth occurred in the central area of the Bohai Sea. The average ratio of DIN/ PO4-P was much higher than the Redfield Ratio (16:1). Apparently, PO4-P was one of the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growing in the sea. The average concentrations of DON and DOP were higher than their inorganic forms. The results of eutrophication assessment show that 22.1% of all stations were classified as violating the concentration levels of the National Seawater Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) for DIN and only 3.9% for PO4-P. The average eutrophication index in the overall area was 0.21±0.22 and the high values occurred in Bohai Bay, Liaodong Bay and near the Yellow River estuary. This means that the state of eutrophication was generally mesotrophic in the Bohai Sea, but relatively worse in the bays, especially some river estuaries.     

晋城煤层气藏成藏机制

通过晋城煤层气的规模开发、压裂煤层气井的解剖、井下煤层瓦斯抽放、构造地应力场研究、煤储层大裂隙系统“CT”式解剖与煤层气封闭保存条件研究, 发现3#煤储层内部存在大量煤层气包, 构造微破裂作用促使煤层气包之间广泛合并联通, 煤层气包内部储层的非均质性弱化, 渗透率增加, 煤层气包内部的游离气体比例增加, 流体压力系统边界逐渐清晰并形成煤层气藏. 揭示煤层气藏的成藏机制, 认识煤层气藏的内部细节特征, 促进了该区的煤层气开发技术进步, 提高了井下煤层瓦斯的抽放效率.      

利用液态磷渣制备乳浊玻璃

为实现炼磷排放的高温液态磷渣的热能、物质的同步回收利用, 并消除其环境污染问题, 通过现场试验, 以高温液态磷渣为主要原料, 直接与16.5%的石英粉和8.5%的高岭土热配合, 再经1450℃熔炼、浇铸成型和850℃乳化热处理, 制得了乳浊玻璃板材.磷渣乳浊玻璃的抗折强度为43.68MPa, 耐酸性为0.51%, 耐碱性为0.04%, 能满足建筑装饰材料的质量要求.ESEM、XRD和EDS分析结果共同表明, 母玻璃的乳浊机理在于主体玻璃中析出了富Ca元素的粒径为0.1~0.4μm的非晶质球形颗粒.由于高温液态磷渣掺量高达75%, 改性剂掺量低且成本低廉, 生产线易于配置, 本研究具有较高的工业化生产可行性、较佳的经济效益和应用前景.      

测井数据滑动窗关联维计算和沉积学分析

应用滑动窗关联维计算方法对鲁北济阳坳陷某钻井剖面石炭系—二叠系陆表海沉积层段GR测井响应数据进行了分形维数计算,结果表明海侵体系域关联维数一般较小,且维数曲线振荡变化较弱,而高水位体系域则相反。这与海侵体系域形成时海平面上升的主控因素压制或掩盖了其他因素的显现有关,同时也证明测井序列分形分析能从另一个新的视角观察识别测井序列中所包含的地质信息。随着分形方法应用研究的不断开展,必将从测井数据中挖掘出更多的有用信息,指导油气等资源勘探与开发,丰富及完善测井地质学理论。相信将来分形会成为地质数据分析的标准工具。     

Mechanism and Modes of Microbial Minerogenesis of Polymetallic Nodules on the Ocean Floor

This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the relations of the occurrence of polymetallic nodules with the geochemical actions of microbes in the seawater, pore water and sediments at the bottom of the eastern Pacific Ocean basin. Emphasis is laid on the relations of the activity intensity and biochemical transformation rate of aerobic bacteria (iron bacteria, Thiobacillus thioparus, halobacteria and manganese-oxidizing bacteria) and anaerobic bacteria (sulphate-reducing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, Thiobacillus denitrificans) with mineralization. The experimental research on the migration and accumulation of ore-forming elements caused by microbial and chemical actions shows that the microbes have changed the conditions of oxidation and reduction in the system, and their effect on the element precipitation is much stronger than the chemical actions and accelerates the enrichment of Fe and Mn. It demonstrates that the microbes can change the environment to promote the accumulation of ore-formin     

多硅白云母压力计在退变质作用中的稳定性探讨

探讨多硅白云母地质压力计在低温退变质过程中的稳定性，在对大别山东缘和苏鲁造山带西缘郯庐左旋走滑韧性剪切带糜棱岩中的多硅白云母残斑由中心向两侧边缘进行电子探针分析后发现：由中心向两侧边缘Si减少,Al增加,Fe，Mg略有降低，部分样品中K，Na有不同程度的增加．而Ti则显示不活动富集。这是由于退变质过程中流体的活动常会改变残斑白云母的成分．并且在流体活动过程相对短暂的情况下，使残斑白云母的成分不能发生充分变化．最终会导致白云母不同部位具有不同的成分。因而,经历了富流体活动的退变质作用后,岩石中的多硅白云母残斑已不能完全保存其形成时的压力信息。     

重质碳酸钙表面改性及充填丁苯橡胶试验研究

重质碳酸钙是一种重要的无机矿物填料，经过表面改性，可以将其由普通填料变成性能优越的功能填料。本次研究选用鄂西优质重质碳酸钙为试验样品，采用干法表面化学改性方法对重质碳酸钙实施了改性，通过测定改性重质碳酸钙的活化率、湿润接触角、固液悬浮体的粘度、白度及表面化学成分对其性能进行考察，并对改性效果进行评价。在丁苯橡胶中的应用试验显示，改性重质碳酸钙充填丁苯橡胶的性能良好，其应用前景广阔。     

砂岩型铀矿地浸过程中的溶质迁移机理

讨论了“溶质迁移、溶质迁移面和特征性溶质迁移面”的概念，以及研究溶质迁移的方法和实例。在对381砂岩型铀矿床进行地浸模拟试验的基础上，应用以上概念和方法，对地浸过程中的溶质迁移过程进行了讨论，探讨了地浸过程的机理和发生的水文地球化学作用，总结了溶浸试验过程中的溶质迁移分带。在以上溶质迁移机理研究的基础上．论证了地浸地质工艺参数。地浸过程中分带的研究清楚地显示了浸铀的发展过程及其在各个时期各个地段铀浸出作用的进展程度。     

累托石制备润滑脂的初步研究

累托石是一种具有独特的结构组成和性质的粘土矿物,其既具有象蒙脱石一样的阳离子交换性,吸水膨胀性,制浆性等,又具有象云母一样的耐高温性和光滑性等性能。经提纯和有机改性后的累托石吸油速度快,膨胀率高,是一种较好的稠化剂,用它制备的润滑脂滴点〉６３３．１５Ｋ,远高于膨润土润滑脂的指标要求,研究表明,累托石是制备润肖脂稠化剂的好原料,累托石润滑脂是一种新型高温润滑脂。