Discussion on Coastal Erosion Near Xizhuang, Penglai, China

-In this work, on the basis of the characteristics of coastal erosion near Xizhuang (Penglai, Shandong, China) and the in-situ measured data and theoretical calculation, the causes of coastal erosion there are obtained: (1) natural erosion, (2) beach sand borrowing, and (3) sand borrowing at the Dengzhou shoal near Xizhuang, which results in the loss of the function of the wave force resistance of the shoal. Since the wave energy is increased, the longshore sediment transport rate is increased. Coastal erosions are more and more serious. A scientific basis to reduced the calamity of coastal erosion in local area is presented. Some experiences are accumulated for studying coastal erosion.     

Prediction of Load Carrying Capacity of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beam

A novel method for prediction of the load carrying capacity of a corroded reinforced concrete beam (CRCB) is presented in the paper. Nine reinforced concrete beams, which had been working in an aggressive environment for more than 10 years, were tested in the laboratory. Comprehensive tests, including flexural test, strength test for corroded concrete and rusty rebar, and pullout test for bond strength between concrete and rebar, were condueted. The flexural test results of CRCBs reveal that the distribution of surface cracks on the beams shows a fractal behavior. The relationship between the fractal dimensions and mechanical properties of CRCBs is then studied. A prediction model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is established by the use of the fractal dimension as the corrosion index, together with the basic intbrmation of the beam. The validity of the prediction model is demonstrated through the experimental data, and satisfactory resuits are achieved.     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

Effect of Sea Level Variation on Tidal Characteristic Values for the East China Sea

1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5～ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort…     

Hilbert Transferin Applied to Separation of Waves

The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is ap-plicable to both regular and irregular trains of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experi-ments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily ob-tained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improveraent of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient. The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phase difference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conduct-ed and compared with Goda s method and satisfactory results are obtained.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷与松辽盆地孤店CO2气田含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石学特征

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组与松辽盆地孤店CO₂气田泉头组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、茜素红-S染色、X射线衍射、电子探针与INCA能谱分析等,对含片钠铝石砂岩的骨架碎屑组分、胶结物与自生矿物、成岩共生序列等岩石学特征进行了系统研究。研究表明,含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,粒度以细粒、细-中粒为主,分选差-中等。砂岩中胶结物主要为次生加大石英、自生石英、片钠铝石、铁白云石和粘土矿物。其中,片钠铝石最高可达砂岩总体积的22％在砂岩中或以放射状、束状、菊花状、杂乱毛发状、毛球状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,或呈束状和板状交代长石和岩屑。电子探针与INCA能谱综合分析表明,片钠铝石主要由Na、Al、O、C等组成。在含片钠铝石砂岩中,成岩共生序列依次为粘土矿物包壳-次生加大石英、自生石英、自生高岭石-油气充注-CO₂充注-片钠铝石-铁白云石。其中,CO₂注入前形成的自生矿物组合主要为次生加大石英、自生石英和自生高岭石,CO₂注入后形成的自生矿物组合主要为片钠铝石和铁白云石。     

On the spatial characteristic of the short term and imminent anomalies of underground water behaviors before strong earthquake

Ｏｎｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｏｆｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔ┐ｔｅｒｍａｎｄｉｍｍｉｎｅｎｔａｎｏｍａｌｉｅｓｏｆｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓｂｅｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＸＵＥ－ＢＩＮＤＵ（杜学彬）...     

中国大陆第四纪地壳运动时程

本文从中国大陆有代表性的青藏高原、黄土高原、三峡地区着手,进行了新构造运动剖析。并结合全国火山活动期次,总结出中国大陆第四纪地壳运动的时程变化。从而为进一步探讨新构造运动特点和规律,为国民经济建设及人类生存环境提供了一定的地质背景资料。     

冲绳海槽玄武岩中中酸性残余熔体研究及其岩石学意义

与洋壳有关的酸性岩由于对了解幔源岩浆的演化以及判别古老蛇绿岩套及其构造位置的重要意义而倍受岩石学家和构造地质学家的关注。本对发现于冲绳海槽玄武岩基质中的中酸性到酸性残余熔体进行了详细研究，它们提供了幔源玄武岩浆结晶分异形成酸性岩浆的直接证据。在细小的基质矿物间分布有一种玻璃质的残余熔体，其成分随距冷凝边距离(L)的增加而越来越酸性。在SiO2对Na2O K2O图解上，残余熔体的投影点从玄武岩到英安岩均有分布，反映了一个连续的演化系列。在AFM图解上，残余熔体表现出与Thingmuli火山岩系列类似的拉斑玄武岩系列的演化趋势。我们的研究表明：残余熔体的演化受结晶分异作用控制。在早期结晶阶段，辉石的结晶起主导作用，结果造成残余熔体中SiO2、Al2O3，Na2O的迅速增加，FeO、MgO、CaO迅速降低。在晚期结晶阶段，斜长石成为主导结晶相，导致残余熔体中Al2O3，Na2O的迅速消减。Al2O3、Na2O从增加到降低的转变出现在SiO2=62％左右。在L=27．5mm处，85～90％的基质岩浆已发生了结晶作用，导致残余熔体中SiO2含量达到69～70％，而且此处还新出现了一种富FeTi的氧化物。该玄武岩中残余熔体和基质矿物的成分及演化特征分别与Thingmuli火山岩系列中酸性端元的组成相似，在也佐证了Thingmuli火山岩系列是幔源岩浆结晶分异的产物.     

1999年山西大同Ms 5.6地震的震源断层

大同震区先后在 1989、1991和 1999年发生MS >5地震 ,利用大同遥测地震台网的记录资料进行比较精确的地震序列震源定位 ,结合宏观烈度分布和震源机制解资料 ,详细地分析对比了 3次子序列的异同。结果显示 ,1999年MS5 .6地震的震源断层是走向NWW、长 16km、宽12km、埋深 5km以下、倾角近直立的左旋走滑断层。而前 2个子序列是NNE为主的右旋走滑断层活动所致 ,表明地震破裂方向发生了变化。这种 2个以上方向先后出现、并且强弱有别的地震破裂是普遍存在的 ,表明震源环境的复杂程度与地震序列的类型有关。虽然震区存在NE向的大王村断裂和NW向的团堡断裂 ,但目前没有证据说明震源断层和 2条构造断层连通。 3次子序列的震源断层都是走滑断层 ,也和 2条构造正断层有别。 1999年的子序列可能属于新破裂。